orang utanとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• orang utan, orang-utan, orangutang
• orang-utang, ourang outang, ourang-outang, ourangoutang (all archaic)
• oran-otan, oran-outang, orang-hutan, orang-otan, orang-otang, orang-outan, orang-outang, orangotang, orangoutan, orangoutang, ourang-outan, uran-utan (all obsolete)

語源

Probably via Dutch orang-oetan, orang-oetang, apparently from Malay orang hutan, orang utan (literally “forest man”), from orang (“person, man”) + hutan (“forest”), although as a term for the animal it is attested only recently (earlier and preferred terms being mawas and mayas). As there is originally no evidence for its usage, except occasionally literally, it must be assumed to have been regional, or a descriptive collocation used to explain the animal to early travellers. Forms in -ng are alterations after the first element, orang.

The name orangutan has been used in Old Javanese texts, notably in Rāmāyaṇa and Smaradahana, in the form of uraṅutan and wuraṅutan. Its usage to refer to the apes in these texts (from as early as the 9th century CE) has been seen as a refutation of claims that the name orangutan originates from a European source.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /əˌɹæŋ.uːˈtæn/, /əˌɹæŋ.uːˈtæŋ/
• (英国発音, without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA: /ɔəˌɹæŋuːˈtæn/, /ˌɔə.ɹæŋˈuː.tæn/
• (米国発音) IPA: /əˈɹæŋ.əˌtæn/, /əˈɹæŋ.əˌtæŋ/, /ɔˈɹæŋ.ʊˌtæn/, /oʊˈɹæŋ-/
• (Australia) IPA: /əˈɹæŋˌə.tæn/, /əˈɹæŋˌə.tɛːŋ/, /əˈɹæŋˌə.tæŋ/
• (India) IPA: /o(ː)ˈrɑːŋ.ɡʊ.ˈʈɑːn/
• ハイフネーション: rang‧u‧tan

名詞

orangutan (plural orangutans)

1. An arboreal ape, characterised by its shaggy reddish-brown coat and long arms, of the genus Pongo, native to Borneo and Sumatra.

使用する際の注意点

• Formerly considered a single species.
• First described scientifically in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus as Homo Sylvestris.
• Renamed Simia pygmaeus in 1760 by his student Christian Emmanuel Hopp, then placed in Pongo by Lacépède in 1799.
• From 1996, divided into two species: the Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus, with three subspecies) and the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii).
• The third species, the Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis), was identified definitively in 2017.

派生語

• Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
• orangoid
• Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii)
• Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis)

派生した語

• → Catalan: orangutan
• → Czech: orangutan
• → Faroese: orangutang (perhaps via another European language)
• → French: orang-outan, ourang-outang
  • → Romanian: urangutan
• → German: Orang-Utan
• → Greek: ουρακοτάγκος (ourakotágkos)
• → Hungarian: orangután
• → Italian: orangutan, orango
• → Japanese: オランウータン (oran'ūtan)
• → Korean: 오랑우탄 (orang'utan)
• → Polish: orangutan
• → Russian: орангутан (orangutan), орангута́нг (orangutáng)
  • → Armenian: օրանգուտան (ōrangutan)
  • → Ingrian: orang-utan
• → Serbo-Croatian:
  • Cyrillic script: орангу̀та̄н
  • Latin script: orangùtān
• → Sicilian: rangutanu
• → Spanish: orangután
  • → Galician: orangután
• → Swedish: orangutang
• → Thai: อุรังอุตัง (ù-rang-ù-dtang)
• → Turkish: orangutan

参照