praeter-とは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Continuing Proto-Italic *praiteros, from Proto-Indo-European *préh₂i (“before, across”) + *-teros (“contrastive suffix”). Equivalent to prae +‎ -ter.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈprae̯.tɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈprɛː.ter]

前置詞

praeter (+ accusative)

1. past, by (of motion)
2. besides, except

   Synonyms: praeterquam, nisi

3. beyond
4. more than
5. contrary
   • 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 436:

     DĀVUS: Praeter spem ēvenit, sentiō: hoc male habet virum.

     DAVUS: It came about contrary [to his] hope, I know: this has the man worried.
     (In other words, the way it happened was not what he wanted.)

派生した語

• → English: preter-, praeter-, præter-
• → Esperanto: preter

参照

• “praeter”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “praeter”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "PRÆTER", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “prætĕr”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1,229.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • contrary to expectation: praeter spem, exspectationem
    
  • beyond all measure: extra, praeter modum
    
  • according to my custom: ex consuetudine mea (opp. praeter consuetudinem)
    
  • putting aside, except: praeter c. Accus.
    
• “praeter” on page 1,445 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
• Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976), “praeter”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 844/1