ward-cornとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

ward +‎ corn

名詞

ward-corn (uncountable)

1. (UK, law, obsolete) A payment of corn to be offered in commutation of military service.
   • 1842, George Oliver, Ecclesiastical Antiquities in Devon, page 100:

     And that the aforesaid Abbess and convent and their successors, and all tenants, residents, and non-residents, and other residents aforesaid, […] be quit through our entire realm of England of all pannage, lestage, […] and of treasure to be drawn away, and of wardpeny, wardcorne, averpeny, hundredpeny, […] and of all such custom

   • 1989, George Feairheller Deiser, Year Books of Richard II - Volume 12, page 68:

     and from a rent called wardcorn one quarter, three bushels of barley worth fifteen shillings per year, at the value of five pence the bushel.

   • 2002, Mark Bailey, The English manor, c.1200-c.1500, page 226:

     The additional payment of grain as ‘wardcorn’ is a local peculiarity, and refers to some ancient military responsibilty^[sic] upon the vill[agers].

語源 2

ward + French corne (“horn”). According to the Oxford English Dictionary, Du Cange ran across the term (Etymology 1) and misinterpreted it as referring to something similar to cornage, giving a definition that was then picked up by later writers.

名詞

ward-corn

1. (obsolete, rare) The obligation to watch and keep guard, and blow a horn upon any occasion of surprise.
   • 1876 June, Jennett Humphreys, “Merrie England”, in New Monthly Magazine, volume 9, number 54, page 697:

     The services similar to these performed by tenants to their lord were of an almost illimitable variety […] there was ward-corn, the necessity of watching and warding at a castle, and blowing a horn on a surprise […]

     Note: Based on the broad context, it is probable that Humphreys consulted an old text that used the word in the "payment of corn" sense (Etymology 1 above) but was misled by a dictionary that did not include that sense of the word.

2. (historical, rare) A watchman who blows a horn upon any occasion of surprise.
   • 1989, John Lee, The Unicorn Dilemma, page 71:

     The only person who took notice of his return was the wardcorn, but his trumpet called forth no welcome.

   • 2008, Catherine Palmer, The Briton, page 239:

     “Presenting Jacques Le Brun, lord of Warbreck,” the ward[-]corn announced.

名詞

wardcorn (uncountable)

1. (UK, law, obsolete) A payment of corn to be offered in commutation of military service.
   • 1842, George Oliver, Ecclesiastical Antiquities in Devon, page 100:

     And that the aforesaid Abbess and convent and their successors, and all tenants, residents, and non-residents, and other residents aforesaid, […] be quit through our entire realm of England of all pannage, lestage, […] and of treasure to be drawn away, and of wardpeny, wardcorne, averpeny, hundredpeny, […] and of all such custom

   • 1989, George Feairheller Deiser, Year Books of Richard II - Volume 12, page 68:

     and from a rent called wardcorn one quarter, three bushels of barley worth fifteen shillings per year, at the value of five pence the bushel.

   • 2002, Mark Bailey, The English manor, c.1200-c.1500, page 226:

     The additional payment of grain as ‘wardcorn’ is a local peculiarity, and refers to some ancient military responsibilty^[sic] upon the vill[agers].