英和和英

語源 1

From 中期英語 formel, borrowed from Old French formel, from Latin fōrmālis, from fōrma (“form”); equivalent to form +‎ -al.

発音

• (General American) IPA: /ˈfɔɹməl/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈfɔːməl/
• 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)məl
• ハイフネーション: for‧mal

形容詞

formal (comparative more formal, superlative most formal)

1. In accordance with established forms.

   She spoke formal English, without any dialect.

2. Official.

   I'd like to make a formal complaint.

3. Relating to the form or structure of something.

   Formal linguistics ignores the vocabulary of languages and focuses solely on their grammar.

   • 1978, Heikki Seppä, Form Emphasis for Metalsmiths, [Kent, Oh.]: Kent State University Press, →ISBN, page 1:

     THE THREE DOMINANT FORMS IN METALSMITHING […] At present, there are but three basic volumetric forms dominating the work of metalsmiths, the spherical (usually in its most practical form, the domical), the cylindrical, and the cubical. […] The possibilities for further variations on them are all but exhausted, there being little chance to express new and unusual ideas within the framework of such limited choices. As a result, much of twentieth-century metalsmithing has relied on surface enrichment rather than formal development for its originality.

4. Relating to formation.

   The formal stage is a critical part of any child's development.

5. Ceremonial or traditional.

   Formal wear must be worn at my wedding!

6. Proper, according to strict etiquette; not casual.

   He's always very formal, and I wish he'd relax a bit.

7. Organized; well-structured and planned.

   When they became a formal club the rowers built a small boathouse.

8. (especially sciences, mathematics, linguistics) In accordance with a methodological framework with well-defined rules or laws; rigorous.

   Despite efforts by limnologists and freshwater biologists to create a formal definition of “pond”, there is still no universal distinction between a “pond” and a “lake”.

   Only formal proofs, which derive theorems logically from their given axioms, are considered satisfactory in modern mathematics.

   A set of words can be formal cognates only if they can be derived from a common ancestor by regular sound laws.

9. (mathematics, philosophy) Relating to mere manipulation and construction of strings of symbols, without regard to their meaning.

   Formal series are defined without any reference to convergence.

反意語

• informal

派生語

関連する語

• form

名詞

formal (countable and uncountable, plural formals)

1. (clothing) An evening gown.
   • 1965, Shadow Morton, “Sophisticated Boom Boom”, performed by The Shangri-Las:

     Well, I open up the door / And much to my surprise / The girls were wearin' formals / And the boys were wearin' ties

2. An event with a formal dress code.

   Jenny took Sam to her Year 12 formal.

   • 2017, Mike Oppenhuizen, Jen Regan, “The D-Train to Bone Town” (17:40 from the start), in Michael Patrick Jann, director, Atypical, season 1, episode 6, spoken by April (Nakia Burrise), via Netflix:

     I mean, the Winter Formal is something that our kids have looked forward to their entire high school career.

1. (programming) A formal parameter.
2. (Oxbridge slang) Ellipsis of formal hall.

派生語

• formal swap

語源 2

See formo-.

名詞

formal (countable and uncountable, plural formals)

1. (uncountable) Formalin.
2. An acetal formed from formaldehyde.

関連する語

• hemiformal

Further reading

• “formal”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “formal”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

アナグラム

• Folmar