英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 punischen, from Anglo-Norman, Old French puniss-, stem of some of the conjugated forms of punir, from Latin puniō (“to inflict punishment upon”), from poena (“punishment, penalty”); see pain. Displaced 古期英語 wītnian and (mostly, in this sense) wrecan.

発音

• IPA: /ˈpʌnɪʃ/
• ハイフネーション: pun‧ish
• 韻: -ʌnɪʃ

動詞

punish (third-person singular simple present punishes, present participle punishing, simple past and past participle punished)

1. (transitive) To cause (a child, student, or someone else being looked after, or a suspect or criminal) to suffer for crime or misconduct, to administer disciplinary action, typically by an authority or a person in authority (for example: a parent, teacher, or police officer).

   Synonyms: castigate, penalize, pillory; see also Thesaurus:punish

   If a prince violates the law, then he must be punished like an ordinary person.

   • 1818, William Cobbett, The Parliamentary History of England, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803, page 255:

     It was not from the want of proper laws that dangerous principles had been disseminated, and had assumed a threatening aspect, but because those laws had not been employed by the executive power to remedy the evil, and to punish the offenders.

   • 2007, Matthew Weait, Intimacy and Responsibility: The Criminalisation of HIV Transmission, Routledge, →ISBN, page 80:

     The law needs to punish this behaviour as a deterrent to others.

   • 2012 May 24, John D. Sutter, “Welcome to the world’s nicest prison”, in CNN‎:

     But officials here maintain that their methods do make a difference, and they follow it up with post-release programs. The aim of Bastoy is not to punish or seek revenge, Nilsen said. The only punishment is to take away the prisoner’s right to be a free member of society.

   • 2017, Joyce Carol Oates, Double Delight, Open Road Media, →ISBN:

     His mother had punished him when he'd deserved it. She'd loved him, he was “all she had,” but she'd punished him, too.

2. (transitive, figuratively) To treat harshly and unfairly.

   Synonym: mistreat

   • 1994, Valerie Polakow, Lives on the Edge: Single Mothers and Their Children in the Other America, University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 68:

     But each effort that Anna makes —and she has attempted many— meets with obstacles from a welfare bureaucracy that punishes single mothers for initiative and partial economic self-sufficiency.

   • 2008, Seth Benardete, The Bow and the Lyre: A Platonic Reading of the Odyssey, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, →ISBN, page 5:

     Homer, moreover, gives the impression that the Sun punished Odysseus's men; but we are later told that the Sun cannot punish individual men […]

   • 2009, Gordon Wright, Learning to Ride, Hunt, and Show, Skyhorse Publishing Inc., →ISBN, page 44:

     The rider who comes back on his horse in mid-air over a fence is punishing his horse severely.

   • 2026 March 18, Philip Haigh, “Tickets please: 2p per scan to offset fraudulent refunds?”, in RAIL, number 1057, page 48:

     RDG explains: "From April 1 2026, the following tickets, Anytime, Off-Peak, Day Travelcards and most Ranger and Rover tickets, will no longer be refundable on the day they become valid for travel." It calls the £40m it thinks it loses "refund abuse", which it explains as "refunds on tickets that have been used but not scanned or endorsed, where a customer falsely states that they did not travel". I'm sure such abuse takes place (and that it's done by passengers). But RDG is taking a sledgehammer to crack a nut and punishing many millions of honest passengers by making tickets more restrictive.

3. (transitive, colloquial) To handle or beat severely; to maul.
4. (transitive, colloquial) To consume a large quantity of.
   • 1970, Doc Greene, The Memory Collector, page 49:

     A few moments later, we were all sitting around the veranda of the hunters' dining hall, punishing the gin, as usual.

派生語

関連する語

• pain

Further reading

• “punish”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “punish”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

アナグラム

• push in, push-in, pushin', unship