desumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈdeː.sũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈd̪ɛː.s̬um]
• Note: The -ēe- found in forms such as dēesse, dēest, dēerunt generally scans in poetry as a single syllable, implying it was contracted in pronunciation to a single long -ē- sound (compare dēmō, dēbeō). There are however a few exceptions; Statius uses dēëst, pronounced in two syllables and without the expected shortening of a long vowel before another vowel.

動詞

dēsum (present infinitive deesse, perfect active dēfuī, future active participle dēfutūrus); irregular conjugation, suppletive, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, no gerund

1. to be wanting/lacking (+ dative)

   Synonyms: careō, egeō, indigeō, dēlinquō, deficiō, cessō, perdō

   Antonyms: flōreō, niteō, abundō, affluō

   Dominus pāscit mē et nihil mihī dēerit.

   The Lord is my shepherd and nothing shall I want.

   (literally, “The Lord tends me as a shepherd and nothing for me will be lacking.”)

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.3:

     [...] nōn dēest reī pūblicae cōnsilium neque auctōritās hujus ōrdinis: nōs, nōs, dīcō apertē, cōnsulēs dēsumus.

     The Republic lacks neither the judgment nor the authority of this body: [it is] we — we, I say openly — we the consuls [who] are lacking.

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.36:

     equitem maxime suis deesse viribus ratus

     thought that cavalry was what he chiefly lacked

2. to fall short of, fail to obtain, miss

   Synonyms: discēdō, dēficiō, cadō, dēlinquō

   Antonyms: perficiō, impetrō, perpetrō, ēvincō

3. to abandon, to desert, to neglect

   Synonyms: relinquō, omittō, dēdō, concēdō, dēcēdō, dēserō, reddō, remittō, dēstituō, dēficiō, oblīvīscor, cēdō, permittō, dissimulō, trādō, addīcō, praetereō, neglegō, pōnō

   Dīmicantī dē fāmā deesse.

   To abandon one whose reputation is attacked.

   (literally, “To abandon against the pummeling of fame.”)

4. to be away, to be absent, to be missing

   Synonym: absum

   Antonyms: adsum, stō

Conjugation

Old Latin or in poetry.

参照

• “dēsum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “desum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “dēsum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 510.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • I have no time to do something: tempus mihi deest ad aliquid faciendum
    
  • to neglect an opportunity: occasioni deesse
    
  • to assist, stand by a person: adesse alicui or alicuius rebus (opp. deesse)
    
  • to accede to a man's petitions: alicui petenti satisfacere, non deesse
    
  • I have nothing to write about: deest mihi argumentum ad scribendum (Att. 9. 7. 7)
    
  • to answer every question: percontanti non deesse (De Or. 1. 21. 97)
    
  • we have no expression for that: huic rei deest apud nos vocabulum
    
  • to neglect one's duty: officio suo deesse (Fam. 7. 3)
    
  • to take no part in politics: rei publicae deesse (opp. adesse)
    
  • to further the common weal: saluti rei publicae non deesse
    
• “dēsum” on page 529 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)