jitneyとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

1886, originally for a five-cent US coin (a nickel);^[1] use for taxis and buses due to these services originally charging five cents as fare, popularized circa 1915.^{[2][3][4][5][6]}

The etymology is uncertain; it is believed to originate from Louisiana Creole French jetnée, from French jeton (“token, coin-sized metal disc”),^[4][7][8] though this is disputed. Evidence for the Louisiana Creole French origin include the geographic distribution (Southeastern 米国用法, especially Black/African-American), and early spelling as gitney, which is common French spelling for the /ʒi/ pronunciation.^[8]

名詞

jitney (複数形 jitneys)

1. A small bus or minibus which typically operates service on a fixed route, sometimes scheduled.
2. An unlicensed taxi cab.
3. A shared-ride taxi.
   • 1957, Jack Kerouac, chapter 4, in On the Road, Viking Press, OCLC 43419454, part 3:

     […] I said good-by and took the bags downstairs and hailed a Frisco taxi-jitney, which was an ordinary taxi that ran a regular route and you could hail it from any corner and ride to any corner you want for about fifteen cents, cramped in with other passengers like on a bus, but talking and telling jokes like in a private car.

4. (US, archaic) A small coin, a nickel.
5. (in attributive use, US, archaic) Very inexpensive.
6. (Canada) An informal lawn bowling or curling competition in which all players present are randomly drawn into teams.
7. (Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) A fraudulent arrangement whereby a broker who has direct access to an exchange executes trades on behalf of a broker who does not.

参照