manchuriaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• (obsolete) Manchooria, Mansiouria, Mandschuria, Mantchuria, Mantchooria

語源

Probably originally a backformation from Manchurian (“of or relating to the Manchus”), from Dutch Mansiourische, from Mansiouwer (“a Manchu”) + -isch (“-ish: forming adjectives”), possibly as a calque of Japanese 満州 (まんしゅう, Manshū, “Manchuria; Manchurian”). Equivalent to New Latin and English Manchu +‎ -ia, with the r added for ease of pronunciation under the influence of names like Etruria, Liguria, &c. Cf. French Mandchourie, German Mandschurei, &c. Further popularized by Philipp von Siebold's early-19th-century Dutch translations of Japanese maps employing the term, replacing the earlier and vaguer Tartary, Eastern Tartary, Chinese Tartary, &c.

発音

• IPA: /mænˈt͡ʃʊəɹiə/
• enPR: măn-cho͝or′ē-ə
• enPR: măn-cho͝o′rē-ə

固有名詞

Manchuria

1. A region of northeastern China comprising the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang and the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia.

   The senior Japanese commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces within Manchuria, Korea north of 38 north latitude and Karafuto shall surrender to the Commander in Chief of Soviet Forces in the Far East. (General Order No. 1, 1945)

   • 1965, Harry S. Truman, MP2002-390 Former President Truman Recalls Stalin's Broken Agreement About the Port of Dairen‎, Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum, National Archives Identifier: 595162, archived from the original on 2 June 2021:

     Negotiating with Stalin was like dealing with an octopus. At Yalta it had been agreed that Dairen in China would be an open port that the Chinese could use. And now they were trying- it'd be under the control of the Chinese, that the Russians could use is what I intended to say. And, it was now an approach, by Stalin, that would have given him complete possession of that part of Manchuria. And that, I wasn't in favor of doing.[...]Dairen would be administered by the Chinese, as a Chinese port, but it would be a free port that everybody could use including the Russians.

   • 1968, “SINŬIJU”, in Encyclopedia Britannica‎, volume 20, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 569:

     Sinǔiju (or New Uiju) is an industrial and commercial city and wood rafted down the Yalu forms the base of a large forest products industry. Trade with Manchuria and China is funneled through the city to Korea.

   • 2016 July 23, Andrew Higgins, “Vladivostok Lures Chinese Tourists (Many Think It’s Theirs)”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 27 July 2016, Asia Pacific‎:

     A native of the Chinese province of Jilin in Manchuria, Mr. Cui said it was a “historical fact” that the home of Russia’s Pacific Fleet and the showcase of President Vladimir V. Putin’s ambitions to project his country as an Asian power is in reality Chinese territory.

   • 2022 February 5, Kim Tong-hyung, “S. Korea politicians criticize China over traditional dress”, in AP News‎, archived from the original on 05 February 2022:

     Aside from the online bickering about kimchi and hanbok, South Korea and China also have a long history dispute over the domain of ancient kingdoms whose territories stretched from the Korean Peninsula to Manchuria.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Manchuria.
2. (historical) The area traditionally inhabited by the Manchu people and their Jurchen predecessors, in modern China and Russia.
   • 1848 January 10, Aaron H. Palmer, Memoir, Geographical, Political, and Commercial, on the Present state, productive resources, and capabilities for commerce, of Siberia, Manchuria, and the Asiatic islands of the Northern Pacific ocean‎, page 34:

     The east coast of Manchuria is generally high and rocky.

   • 1868 October, “The Russians in Manchuria”, in New Monthly Magazine‎, volume CXLIII, number DLXXVIV, page 377:

     In 1866, Her Majesty’s ship Scylla, Captain Courtenay, left Nagasaki, Japan, on the 20th of July, with orders to visit the different Russian settlements on the coast of Manchuria, and we are indebted to the Rev. W. V. Lloyd for an excellent account of the trip, given in the thirty-seventh volume of the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society—an account which is further illustrated by a map of Russian Manchuria.

   • 1965, Hector Chevigny, “The Sale”, in Russian America: The Great Alaskan Venture, 1741-1867‎, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1973, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 206:

     Great interest in the Amur development was shown by American traders. When he had won the Amur and had gained coastal Manchuria as well, Muraviev was even more convinced that Alaska was unnecessary to the empire and that it should be ceded to the United States, whose role would be that of protector of the Siberian back door.

   • 1998, Robert Carter, “Book IV”, in Barbarians‎, Orion Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 227:

     He had come here to carve a slice of China for the Tsar. A year ago the Russians had annexed Manchuria’s east coast and the strategic port of Hai-shen-wei, renaming it Vladivostok — ‘eastern possession’.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Manchuria.
3. (historical) Synonym of Manchukuo: a former puppet state of Imperial Japan.

同意語

• (Northeastern China): Dongbei, Northeast, Inner Manchuria

下位語

Holonyms

• (traditional area): Tartary (obsolete)

参照

Further reading

• “Manchurian, adj. and n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
• “Manchuria, pn.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “Manchuria”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
• Saul B. Cohen, editor (1998), “Northeast”, in The Columbia Gazetteer of the World‎, volume 2, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 2219, column 3: “Formerly called Manchuria.”