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Wiktionary英語版での「Russian Manchuria」の意味 |
Russian Manchuria
固有名詞
- The part of Russia near northeastern China (including Primorsky Krai かつ other nearby areas) which was annexed by the Russian Empire in the mid 19th century understood as part of Manchuria. [from mid-19th c.]
- 1867 [June 24, 1867], Lloyd, W. V., “Notes on the Russian Harbours on the Coast of Manchuria.”, in The Journal of the Royal Geographic Society of London[1], volume 37, London: John Murray, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 229:
- On Saturday, the 4th of August, we steamed to the outer harbour of Olga Bay, after spending four days under sail on our passage from Nakhodka Harbour, a distance of about 120 miles.
This is another of the many beautiful harbours that fringe the coast of Russian Manchuria. It is formed of an outer and inner, or as it is called the “careening” harbour, within which lies the settlement.
- 1868 October, “The Russians in Manchuria”, in New Monthly Magazine[2], volume CXLIII, number DLXXVIV, page 377:
- In 1866, Her Majesty’s ship Scylla, Captain Courtenay, left Nagasaki, Japan, on the 20th of July, with orders to visit the different Russian settlements on the coast of Manchuria, and we are indebted to the Rev. W. V. Lloyd for an excellent account of the trip, given in the thirty-seventh volume of the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society—an account which is further illustrated by a map of Russian Manchuria.
- 1898, Bishop, Isabella Bird, Korea and Her Neighbors[5], Yonsei University Press, published 1970, →OCLC, pages 223, 242-243:
- THE chief object of my visit to Russian Manchuria was to settle for myself by personal investigation the vexed question of the condition of those Koreans who have found shelter under the Russian flag, a number estimated in Seoul at 20,000. […]
When China ceded to Russia in 1860 the region which we call Russian Manchuria, she probably did so in ignorance of its vast agricultural capacities and mineral wealth. […]
Grass, timber, water, coal, minerals, a soil as rich as the prairies of Illinois, and a climate not only favorable to agriculture but to human health, all await the settler, and the broad, unoccupied, and fertile lands which Russian Manchuria offers are clamoring for inhabitants.
- 1906, “Manchuria”, in The New International Encyclopaedia[6], volume XII, New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, page 782, column 1:
- MANCHURIA, man-cho͞oʹre-a (the land of the Manchus). The northeastern part of the Chinese Empire, situated east of Mongolia and the Argun River (which formerly traversed Manchurian territory), south of the Amur River (which separates it from Siberia), and west of the Usuri, which separates it from Primorsk (Maritime Province) or Russian Manchuria (a Chinese possession until 1860).
- 1933, The Japan Magazine[7], volume 23, →OCLC, page 68, column 1:
- Originally speaking, the Heilungkiang Valley, amongst other Russian possessions in the Far East, had been within Manchurian domain until the middle of the nineteenth century, when it was absorbed by Russia. For us, therefore, it is difficult to regard all Manchuria now within the territory of new Manchukuo and Russian Manchuria of today separately.
Now that the Manchukuo State has become absolutely independent and placed under Japanese protection, so to speak, the destiny of Russian possessions in the Far East may be easily imagined.
- 1967, Schaller, George B., “The Tiger”, in The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India[8], University of Chicago Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 224-225:
- The geographical distribution of the tiger once spanned some six thousand miles of Asia from Mount Ararat in eastern Turkey and the Caspian Sea to the Sea of Okhotsk in Russian Manchuria. […]
The Manchurian tiger exists in small numbers in the Kirin Hills of eastern Manchuria. Although tigers were once common in neighboring Russian Manchuria from the vicinity of Lake Baikal and the Yablonovy Mountains to the Sea of Japan and the Island of Sakhalin in the Sea of Okhotsk, only an estimated 80 to 90 animals still survive in several isolated areas (Abramov, 1962; Anon., 1965a), primarily along some of the eastern tributaries of the Ussuri River and in the Sikhote-Alin chain of hills (Novikov, 1962).
- 2010, Vaillant, John, “Markov”, in The Tiger: A True Story of Vengeance and Survival[11], Vintage Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 98-99:
- During the winters of 1939 and 1940, he logged close to a thousand miles crisscrossing the Sikhote-Alin range as he tracked tigers through blizzards and paralyzing cold, sleeping rough, and feeding himself from tiger kills. His findings were alarming: along with two forest guards who helped him with tracking, estimates, and interviews with hunters across Primorye, Kaplanov concluded that no more than thirty Amur tigers remained in Russian Manchuria. In the Bikin valley, he found no tigers at all. With barely a dozen breeding females left in Russia, the subspecies now known as Panthera gris altaica was a handful of bullets and a few hard winters away from extinction.
- 2014, Steinberg, James; Michael E. O'Hanlon, “The Determinants of Chinese Strategy”, in Strategic Reassurance and Resolve: U.S.-China Relations in the Twenty-First Century[12], Princeton University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 36-37:
- At its extreme, this type of narrative might justify claims coextensive with the farthest expansion of the Qing/Ch'ing era (1644 through 1911, in its totality). That could in theory include what is now Mongolia and part of Russian Manchuria although to date no Chinese leaders have suggested this as a legitimate objective. Indeed, China's recent history of resolving border disputes with Russia, Kazakhstan, and Vietnam suggests that China values amicable relations with its neighbors over preserving maximalist territorial gains.
- 2015, O'Hanlon, Michael E., “Conflicts Real, Latent, and Imaginable”, in The Future of Land Warfare[13], Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 55:
- From the Qing era on, China had other territorial holdings on the Eurasian mainland of even more direct relevance to the subject at hand. They included what is now Mongolia and part of Russian Manchuria, and were lost to Russia over the period of roughly 1860 to 1920. No Chinese leaders have suggested so far that reclaiming these lands could be a legitimate objective of the state’s foreign policy.
- 2017, Schneider, Julia C., “The New Setting: Political Thinking after 1912”, in Nation and Ethnicity: Chinese Discourses on History,[14], →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 277:
- The Convention of Peking, one of several unequal treaties, moreover assigned the parts in the East of the Ussuri River (Wusulijiang) to Russia. Outer Manchuria, also called Russian Manchuria was never claimed to be part of a Chinese nation-state. Today it belongs to the Russian Federation, is not longer referred to as Outer Manchuria, and is considered to be part of Siberia. Consquently, the name Manchuria refers only to Inner Manchuria today. In the following, I will refer to Inner Manchuria as Manchuria.
- 2023 June 22, Francis, Diane, “China's Russia”, in Substack[15], archived from the original on 2023-06-27[16]:
- The Far Eastern Federal District includes the Arctic region and Pacific Ocean coastline. Despite its size, its population is only 6 million and 4.5 million live in Russian Manchuria along the Chinese border. If Manchuria were once again united, it would become an powerhouse, linking the region’s untapped resource potential with China’s know-how, manpower, expertise, and capital. It would also provide China with fresh water, hydroelectric potential, and a major Pacific Ocean port, Vladivostok.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Russian Manchuria.
- The part of Manchuria (in northeast China) controlled during some periods by Russia or the USSR.
- [1917 March, McCormick, Frederick, “Second Line of Defense”, in The Menace of Japan[17], Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, →OCLC, page 104:
- On August 11, 1908, the administrative Government at Mukden had made an agreement providing for the use of American capital amounting to one hundred million dollars for a "Manchurian Bank", and the building of a railway extension from Tsitsihar to Aigun, in Russian-Manchuria, completing a line to Tsitsihar from Kinchou on the Gulf of Chihli, the construction of which she had assigned to the British contractors, Pauling and Company.]
- 1921, “Manchuria Since 1905”, in Economic History of Manchuria[18], Seoul, Chosen, →OCLC, page 73:
- Then again, in 1909, she abolished the free-trade system in her Far Eastern possessions, and began to impose a heavy duty on goods entering them from Manchuria. The blow to the prosperity of Russian Manchuria and especially to that of Harbin was severe and immediate. The city, it is said, almost seemed dead at one time.
- 1975, Edwardes, Michael, “The end of the Game”, in Playing the Great Game: A Victorian Cold War[19], London: Hamish Hamilton, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 159:
- In February 1904 the Japanese attacked Russian naval vessels at Port Arthur in Russian Manchuria. The cause of the war was ostensibly a disagreement over the recognition of spheres of influence in China, but the Japanese were really fighting to establish their status as a Great Power, and at least part of the Russian motive for allowing negotiations to end in war was the desire of certain members of the Russian government, in the words of Plehve, the interior minister, for ‘a short, victorious war that would stem the tide of revolution’ in Russia itself.
- 1993, Tillotson, H. M., “Mannerheim”, in Finland at Peace and War, 1918-1993[20], Michael Russell, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 25:
- Shattered and demoralized, the Russians were unable to prevent the Japanese Army from crossing into Korea and then over the northern frontier at the Yalu River into Russian Manchuria. General Kuropatkin, the Russian local field commander, found himself defending the north-south line of the Harbin to Port Arthur railway against substantial Japanese forces advancing from the Yalu to the east.
- 2015, Meyer, Michael, “To the Manchuria Station!”, in In Manchuria: A Village called Wasteland and the Transformation of Rural China[21], Bloomsbury Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 115-116:
- Simpson’s visit left him “thoughtful and a little sad. Harbin is the very center of Manchuria ... a place which will be reached for at all costs by the enemy. Who is to conquer in the climax of national anger, hatred and greed, which must come some day and tear this fair country?” He hoped the battle would be won by numbers alone: 30,000 Russians lived in Harbin alongside 250,000 Chinese. “Russian Manchuria is something of a myth made possible by a gigantic bluff,” he wrote. “It is a remnant of 1900 and China under foreign occupation. Even if there is no force used, Chinese ingenuity alone may push Russia back to the Amur [River].”
Instead it was the Japanese who did the pushing, at least from Port Arthur, at the southern tip of Manchuria, to Harbin in the far north. After the armies of eight Western nations occupied Beijing in 1901 to break a siege of foreign embassies by rebels known as the Boxers, Russia kept an enormous force—177,000 soldiers—in Manchuria long after the other armies had withdrawn. In 1903, Bertram Lenox Simpson arrived in Jilin city to see the Russian tricolor flying and Russian troops patrolling the streets and running the telegraph office. Simpson predicted that Russia’s position in Manchuria would overextend the czar’s army and drain his treasury.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Russian Manchuria.
参考
- Dauria
- Outer Manchuria
- Primorsky Krai
Further reading
「Russian Manchuria」の部分一致の例文検索結果
該当件数 : 19件
Japan has kept a jealous eye on the Russian movements in Manchuria.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
日本は露国の満洲における挙動を嫉視した - 斎藤和英大辞典
Japan kept a vigilant eye on the Russian movements in Manchuria.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
日本は満洲におけるロシアの行動に油断なく注目した - 斎藤和英大辞典
Alternatively, Japan gave a tacit nod to the Russian area of influence in Manchuria.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
代わりに、日本は満州におけるロシアの勢力範囲を暗黙に認めた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス
Furthermore, Manchuria was completely brought under Russian control during the confusion of the Boxer Rebellion.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
さらに義和団の乱の混乱の中で満洲は完全にロシアに制圧された。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス
Japanese-side: The army would land their First Army on the Korean Peninsula and climb northwards and engage occupying Russian forces and assault Manchuria by crossing the Oryokko River.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
日本側陸軍は第一軍で朝鮮半島へ上陸、鴨緑江を渡河しつつ、在朝鮮のロシア軍と第一会戦を交えた後に満洲へ進撃。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス
Qing approved the Russian Empire's interests in Manchuria to be transferred to Japan, as stated in the Treaty of Portsmouth (September 5, 1905).発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
ポーツマス条約(1905年(明治38年)9月5日)によってロシア帝国から日本に譲渡された満州利権の移動を清国が了承した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス
While they stated in its public agreement that they would respect treaties between Japan and the Russian Empire as well as those between the both countries and Qing, together with the realization of the independence of Qing, open-door policy, equal opportunity, and the like, they agreed upon respective range of Japanese interests in the south Manchuria and Russian interests in the north Manchuria in its confidential agreement.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
公開協定では日露間及び両国と清国の間に結ばれた条約を尊重することと、清国の独立、門戸開放、機会均等の実現を掲げる一方で、秘密協定では日本の南満州、ロシアの北満州での利益範囲を協定した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス
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「Russian Manchuria」の部分一致の例文検索結果
該当件数 : 19件
Under the circumstances, in June 1900, Boxer Uprising (the Righteous Harmony Society Movement) were staged centered in North China and Manchuria (present-day north east China) and the Russian Empire occupied Manchuria.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
そうした中1900年(明治33年)6月、中国の華北や満州(現在の中国東北部)を中心に義和団事変が勃発、これに乗じたロシア帝国が満州を占領下に置いた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス
In the negotiation with Russia from August 1903, Japan proposed that the Korean Peninsula under the Japanese control and Manchuria under the Russian control, in a compromise known as the Manchuria-Korea Trade-off.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
1903年8月からの日露交渉において、日本側は朝鮮半島を日本、満洲をロシアの支配下に置くという妥協案、いわゆる満韓交換論をロシア側へ提案した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス
He also tried to restore the relationship with Russia, as Russia had still maintained its influence in Northern Manchuria, by importing the rails of the South Manchuria Railways from Russia, and by setting up a meeting between Hirobumi ITO and Russian political executives, (but this meeting was not realized because Ito was assassinated in Harbin).発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
また北満州に勢力を未だ確保していたロシアとの関係修復にも尽力し、満鉄のレールをロシアから輸入したり伊藤博文とロシア側要路者との会談も企図している(ただしこの会談は伊藤がハルビンで暗殺されたために実現しなかった)。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス
Later, in July, the second administration of the Katsura Cabinet approved the annexation of Korea and when Ito arrived in Harbin on October 26 during his visit to Manchuria for a talk with the Russian Empire, he was assassinated by Ahn Jung-geun who was an activist for the independence of the Korean Empire.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
その後、7月、第2次桂内閣が韓国併合を閣議決定、10月26日、伊藤はロシア帝国との会談を行うため渡満し、ハルピンに到着した際、大韓帝国の独立運動家安重根に暗殺された。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス
After that, the IJA Third Army attacked a group of bastions in the northeastern face of the fortress which had been the initial objective set by the General Headquarters of the Japanese Army in Manchuria, and on January 1st, 1905, the Lieutenant General Anatolii Stoessel, the Russian commander of the Lushun Fortress surrendered.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
その後第三軍は、満洲軍総司令部の当初からの攻撃目標であった要塞東北正面の堡塁群を攻略し、1905年1月1日にロシア軍旅順要塞司令官のアナトーリイ・ステッセリ中将は降伏した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス
With the exception of the southernmost areas in the Liaodong peninsula and Liaoxi, most of Manchuria was underdeveloped; Hence, the Qing could not mount a response to Russian expansionism at the end of the 19th century.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
開発も最南部の遼東半島・遼西を除き進んでおらず、こうしたことも原因となって19世紀末のロシアの進出に対して対応が遅れた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス
Furthermore, in the same year, part of the Beiyang Military faction led by Yuan Shikai was deployed to Manchuria to reinforce policing and security, and offer a bulwark against Japanese and Russian movements.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
さらに同年には袁世凱の北洋軍閥の一部が満洲に駐留し、警察力・防衛力を増強するとともに、日露の行動への歯止めをかけた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス
Some argued that, on the other hand, peasants were deprived of their land, and impoverished people ended up moving to Manchuria, the mainland in Japan and Russian Maritime Province.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
その反面、農家が土地を収奪され、困窮した人々が満州や日本国内、沿海州などへ移住する結果となってしまったとする論もある。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス
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