non-とは意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English non- (“not, lack of, failure to”), from Middle English non (“no, not any; not, not at all”, literally “none”) and 古期英語 nān- (prefix), both from 古期英語 nān (“no, not any”), from Proto-West Germanic *nain, from Proto-Germanic *nainaz (“none, nought, zero”), see none. Merged with and reinforced by Middle English non- (“not”), from Old French non- and Medieval Latin nōn (“not”), from Old Latin noinu, noinom, from ne oinom (“not one”).

接頭辞

non-

1. Used in the sense of no or none, to show lack of or failure to perform; or in the sense of not, to negate the meaning of the word to which it is prefixed.

   nonpayment (“lack of payment, failure to pay”)

   nonaggressive (“not aggressive”)

使用する際の注意点

• Non- may be attached to nouns (nonspace), adjectives (nonaggressive), adverbs (nonaggressively, nonstop), or—infrequently—even verbs (nontender).
• Non- may be joined to a word with a hyphen, standard in British usage as evidenced by OED's typically including only the hyphenated forms, but some OED entries are spelled without hyphen only. In American usage, non- is often joined without a hyphen. (For example, nonbaseball is relatively common, but noncricket, referring to a primarily British sport, is まれに.) Some non- words rarely or never use a hyphen (such as nonentity). By contrast, un- is almost always spelled without a hyphen. GPO manual item 6.29. recommends to spell non- prefixed words without a hyphen unless an overriding consideration applies.^[1]
• For combinations with capitalized words such as proper nouns and some adjectives, hyphen is almost always used, e.g. non-Aristotelian or non-English. This matches GPO manual recommendation.^[1]
• Semantically, non- suggests objective quality and logical opposition (hence ungradable), whereas un- suggests subjective quality and polar/diametric opposition (often gradable).
• Meaning "not" in phrases taken from Latin and some other languages, non is a separate word and is not hyphenated: non compos mentis, persona non grata.
• As non- is a living and highly productive prefix, the list of words having the prefix non- is practically unlimited: Wiktionary currently has over 9000 such word forms. It is particularly common in the sciences.

同意語

• (not): a-, an-, dys-, i-/il-/im-/in-/ir-, mal-, un-

派生語

関連する語

語源 2

From Latin nona (“nine”).

接頭辞

non-

1. prevocalic form of nona-

派生語

• nonad
• nonet
• nonuplet

参照

Further reading

• non- at OneLook Dictionary Search
• “non-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989, →ISBN.

副詞

non (not comparable)

1. Obsolete form of none.

名詞

non (複数形 nons)

1. (Malaysia, slang) A non-Muslim citizen.

Latin

語源

From Old Latin noenum, from Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”) + *óynos (“one”). Equivalent to ne + ūnus^[1]. See also nē and nī.

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /noːn/, [noːn]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /non/, [nɔn]

不変化詞

nōn (negative particle)

1. not

   Lingua Graeca est; potest nōn legī.

   It's Greek; it can not be read.

使用する際の注意点

The particle nōn may be used to negate verbs, adjectives, nouns, or phrases.

派生語

派生した語

参照

• non in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• non in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• non in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • not to stir from one's place: loco or vestigio se non movere
    
  • to lose no time: tempus non amittere, perdere
    
  • to take no thought for the future: futura non cogitare, curare
    
  • I have not seen you for five years: quinque anni sunt or sextus annus est, cum te non vidi
    
  • on the day after, which was September 5th: postridie qui fuit dies Non. Sept. (Nonarum Septembrium) (Att. 4. 1. 5)
    
  • to-day the 5th of September; tomorrow September the 5th: hodie qui est dies Non. Sept.; cras qui dies futurus est Non. Sept.
    
  • to be always at a person's side: ab alicuius latere non discedere
    
  • to make not the slightest effort; not to stir a finger: manum non vertere alicuius rei causa
    
  • to have disappeared: non apparere
    
  • to fail to see what lies before one: quod ante pedes est or positum est, non videre
    
  • to keep one's countenance, remain impassive: vultum non mutare
    
  • to be hardly able to restrain one's tears: lacrimas tenere non posse
    
  • to be hardly able to restrain one's tears: fletum cohibere non posse
    
  • to be unable to speak for emotion: prae lacrimis loqui non posse
    
  • to be unable to sleep: somnum capere non posse
    
  • I cannot sleep for anxiety: curae somnum mihi adimunt, dormire me non sinunt
    
  • I haven't had a wink of sleep: somnum oculis meis non vidi (Fam. 7. 30)
    
  • the matter progresses favourably, succeeds: aliquid (bene, prospere) succedit or procedit (opp. parum procedere, non succedere)
    
  • on good grounds; reasonably: non sine causa
    
  • to draw from the fountain-head: e fontibus haurire (opp. rivulos consectari または fontes non videre)
    
  • it is incompatible with the nature of a wise man; the wise are superior to such things: hoc in sapientem non cadit
    
  • it is no longer in my power: mihi non est integrum, ut...
    
  • to accede to a man's petitions: alicui petenti satisfacere, non deesse
    
  • to chafe under an indignity, repudiate it: ignominiam non ferre
    
  • to spare no pains: labori, operae non parcere
    
  • to work without intermission: laborem non intermittere
    
  • ideally, not really: cogitatione, non re
    
  • to be probable: a vero non abhorrere
    
  • I know very well: probe scio, non ignoro
    
  • I know very well: non sum ignarus, nescius (not non sum inscius)
    
  • I am not unaware: me non fugit, praeterit
    
  • I cannot make myself believe that..: non possum adduci, ut (credam)
    
  • I have not made up my mind: mihi non constat (with indirect question)
    
  • I cannot bring myself to..: a me impetrare non possum, ut
    
  • to differ qualitatively not quantitatively: genere, non numero or magnitudine differre
    
  • I have nothing to say against it: non repugno
    
  • to contradict oneself, be inconsistent: a se dissidere or sibi non constare (of persons)
    
  • to be absolutely ignorant of arithmetic: bis bina quot sint non didicisse
    
  • to represent a thing dramatically: sic exponere aliquid, quasi agatur res (non quasi narretur)
    
  • to be unable to say all one wants: verbis non omnia exsequi posse
    
  • I have nothing to write about: non habeo argumentum scribendi
    
  • I have nothing to write about: non habeo, non est quod scribam
    
  • to answer every question: percontanti non deesse (De Or. 1. 21. 97)
    
  • not to trouble oneself about a thing: non laborare de aliqua re
    
  • I am not dissatisfied with my progress: non me paenitet, quantum profecerim
    
  • to lose one's head, be beside oneself: sui (mentis) compotem non esse
    
  • to lose one's head, be beside oneself: non esse apud se (Plaut. Mil. 4. 8. 26)
    
  • the house is not large enough for all: domus non omnes capit (χωρειν)
    
  • to never set foot out of doors: domo pedem non efferre
    
  • I have no means, no livelihood: non habeo, qui (unde) vivam
    
  • to be bankrupt: non solvendo esse (Phil. 2. 2. 4)
    
  • the corn is not yet ripe: frumenta in agris matura non sunt (B. G. 1. 16. 2)
    
  • to further the common weal: saluti rei publicae non deesse
    
  • there are whispers of the appointment of a dictator: non nullus odor est dictaturae (Att. 4. 18)
    
  • to take care not to..: non committere, ut...
    
  • men exempt from service owing to age: qui per aetatem arma ferre non possunt or aetate ad bellum inutiles
    
  • to fail to answer one's name: ad nomen non respondere (Liv. 7. 4)
    
  • not to interrupt the march: iter non intermittere
    
  • to not let the enemy escape: hostem e manibus non dimittere
    
  • not to mention..: ut non (nihil) dicam de...
    
  • to say nothing further on..: ut plura non dicam
    
  • I do not deny: non nego, non infitior
    
  • I cannot find words for..: dici vix (non) potest or vix potest dici (vix like non always before potest)
    
  • which I can say without offence, arrogance: quod non arroganter dixerim
    
  • this is not the place to..: non est huius loci c. Inf.
    
  • this is not the place to..: non est hic locus, ut...
    
  • I do not take that too strictly: non id ad vivum reseco (Lael. 5. 8)
    

語源 1

From Latin nōna (“ninth; ninth hour”).

発音

• IPA^(key): /noːn/

名詞

nōn ?

1. (historical) Nones, the ninth hour after sunrise
2. (Christianity) Nones, the religious service appointed to this hour

同意語

• (time): nōntīd, nōntīma
• (religious service): nōnsang

派生語

• nōngereord, nōnmete, nōnsang, nōntīd, nōntīma

派生した語

• Middle English: non, none, noon, noun, noune
  • English: noon

発音

• IPA^(key): /non/

名詞

non m

1. a form of address from younger to older monks

参照

• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898), “nōn”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898), “non”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.