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Wiktionary英語版での「sphexish」の意味 |
sphexish
語源
From sphex (“sand wasp of Sphex または an allied genus”) + -ish (suffix meaning ‘being like, similar to, typical of’), coined by the American scientist and scholar of comparative literature Douglas Hofstadter (born 1945) in a September 1982 “Metamagical Themas” column in Scientific American,[1] after a study of the behaviour of sphexide wasps. Sphex is derived from Ancient Greek σφήξ (sphḗx, “wasp”), either from Proto-Indo-European *bʰey- (“bee”) or a Pre-Greek word.
形容詞
sphexish (comparative more sphexish, superlative most sphexish)
- (philosophy) Of animal behaviour: deterministic, preprogrammed. [from 1982]
- Antonym: antisphexish
- 1999, John [William Nevill] Watkins, “Genes, Brains, and Creativity”, in Human Freedom after Darwin: A Critical Rationalist View, Chicago; LaSalle, Ill.: Open Court Publishing Company, →ISBN, part 1 (Naturalism), § 5.1 (Genes かつ Behaviour), page 120:
- [A] sphexish creature in unusual circumstances may seem to be under the control of a malevolent puppet-master. A reliable sign that behaviour is sphexish is that the creature persists with it in circumstances that render it futile, rather as my first electronic typewriter would go on furiously hammering away with its daisy-wheel after the paper supply had run out.
- 2004, Keith E. Stanovich, “A Brain at War with Itself”, in The Robot’s Rebellion: Finding Meaning in the Age of Darwin, Chicago, Ill.; London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 75:
- Dual-process models of cognition […] all propose, in one way or another, that in fact we all are a little bit sphexish. In fact, many of these theories, in emphasizing the pervasiveness of TASS [The Autonomous Set of Systems] and the rarity and difficulty of analytic processing, are in effect proposing that our default mode of processing is sphexish.
- 2013, Stephen D. Hales, “Freedom”, in This is Philosophy: An Introduction, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, →ISBN, paragraph 4.23, page 125:
- What makes you any different from the digger wasp? Aren't you the least bit sphexish? You might argue (かつ probably will!) that we're far more complex than poor Sphex, and don't engage in the same repetitive actions that she does. […] Yet human beings are infinitely variable in their behavior, we don't all do the same thing in the same circumstances. Maybe it is hard to say exactly why we're not sphexish, but surely we're not. Regrettably, this rejection of sphexishness is not that great an argument.
派生語
- antisphexish
- antisphexishness
- sphexishness
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Text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC-BY-SA) and/or GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL). Weblio英和・和英辞典に掲載されている「Wiktionary英語版」の記事は、Wiktionaryのsphexish (改訂履歴)の記事を複製、再配布したものにあたり、Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC-BY-SA)もしくはGNU Free Documentation Licenseというライセンスの下で提供されています。 |
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