これに基づく価格を估価（こか、沽価）と呼び、租税の物納や日本国外との貿易の価格や交換の基準としても用いられた。例文帳に追加

The prices based on the law were called koka, which were used as standards for calculating taxes paid in kind, prices in trading and conversion rates for goods.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

その後も応和2年（962年）・寛和2年（986年）・延久4年（1072年）・治承3年（1179年）に估価法による価格統制が行われた。例文帳に追加

Later on, prices were regulated in 962, 986, 1072, and 1179 under Kokaho.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

1069年荘園整理令を発布して記録荘園券契所を設置し、1070年には絹布の制、1072年には延久宣旨枡や估価估価法の制定等、律令制度の形骸化により弱体化した皇室の経済基盤の強化を図った。例文帳に追加

In 1069, the Decree Restricting the Expansion of Private Estates was issued and a contract office to record estates was established, followed by the issuance of the silk fabric regulation in 1070 and the setting of the Enkyu measuring cup by the Emperor's order; the official measuring cup and the price regulation were established in 1072, and the Emperor tried to build a strong financial base for the Imperial Court, which had been destabilized due to the system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo codes and had become a mere facade.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

大宝律令には都の東西両市における估価をはじめ、貿易や口分田などの公田からの納税（地子）を代物で納める（あるいは、地子を中央へ送るために地子交易を行う）ときの估価などが規定されている。例文帳に追加

Taiho Code defined the koka in the cities on both east and west of the capital, and the koka for in-kind payment of taxes on trade or taxes on fields administered directly by a ruler (jishi), such as kubunden (the farm land given to each farm in the Ritsuryo system) (or when conducting jishi trade in order to send jishi (land taxes under the Ritsuryo system to the central govenment)).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

これは、估価と和市価格の乖離に加え、国衙の国司や在庁官人が不当に安い価格を估価として地元住民に押し付けた上、必要以上に買い入れてその余剰をもって私服を肥やすという不正が後を絶たなかったからである。例文帳に追加

The reason for this was not only that there were differences between koka and washi prices but also that there was no end to the corrupt practices by kokushi (provincial governors) at kokuga and Zaichokanjin (the local officers in Heian and Kamakura periods), who imposed unreasonably low prices as koka on local residents, buying more goods than necessary so that they could use the surplus to feather their nests.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

こうした事から以後も估価法は継続され、延喜14年（914年）には全国一律であった地方国衙の估価（絹1疋＝稲50束、綿1屯＝稲5束）を国例に合わせて変更する事を許し、天暦元年（947年）には畿内と丹波国に実情に合わせた引き下げを命じている。例文帳に追加

As a result, Kokaho continued after that, and in 914 the law permitted changing the koka in local kokuga that had been uniform throughout the country (1 roll of silk = 50 bunches of rice plant, 1 roll of cotton = 5 bunches of rice plant), and in 947 it ordered Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) and Tanba Province to reduce koka to suit the actual conditions.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

ただし畿内などでは300年かけて形成された金属貨幣そのもののに対する需要が完全に無くなった訳ではなく、估価法などの公定価格の決定には貨幣換算によるものが用いられてきた。例文帳に追加

However, this does not mean that the demand for metal currencies vanished completely, after three hundred years or so for forming them in the Kinai area (countries near Kyoto,) but they remained as a method of conversion to decide official prices by Kokaho (acts of conversion rate of goods.)発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また、政治家としては估価法の整備などの物価対策などにも取り組んだ（道長や実資が死ぬと公卿が社会政策に取り組む事はなくなり、院政や武家政権に政治の実権を奪われる遠因となる）。例文帳に追加

Furthermore, as a politician he took price stabilization measures by adjusting the commodity valuation system (after Michinaga and Sanesuke died court nobilities no longer worked on public policy, which became a remote cause for the effective control of political authority to be seized by Insei (Administration from the Office of the Retired Emperor) and by military regime by the warrior class).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

估価法（こかほう・沽価法）とは、古代から中世にかけての日本において、朝廷・国衙・鎌倉幕府において、市場における公定価格及び物品の換算率を定めた法律。例文帳に追加

Kokaho (price regulation law) is a law that stipulated the official prices and the conversion rates for goods at the market from ancient times to medieval periods under the Court, kokuga (provincial government offices) and the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また、中央においては都（平安京）における価格安定や大宰府における対外貿易の統制（輸入品の多くは平安京で消費されたために、両者には連動性があった）の估価が必要とされていた。例文帳に追加

In addition, koka was required to stabilize the prices in the capital (Heian-kyo) and to control foreign trade in Dazai-fu (local government offices in Kyushu region) (because the imported goods were mostly consumed in Heian-kyo, prices there and foreign trade were closely related).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

だが、皇朝十二銭の廃絶などで貨幣流通が衰退する一方で代納品による租税の物納やそれに伴う交易による中央への上供品の購入が一般化すると、交換の価値基準としての估価が求められるようになった。例文帳に追加

However, with the elimination of Kocho-Junisen (twelve coins casted in Japan), circulation of currency fell, and on the other hand, with the wide-spread use of in-kind tax payments and purchasing goods from the trade related to the in-kind tax payments to deliver to the central government, koka was called for as the standards for prices.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス