英和和英

語源

Borrowed from French enclave, from Middle French enclave (“enclave”), deverbal of enclaver (“to inclose”), from Old French enclaver (“to inclose, lock in”), from Vulgar Latin *inclāvāre (“to lock in”), from in + Latin clavis (“key”) or clavus (“nail, bolt”). Compare inlock.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈɛnkleɪv/, /ˈɛŋkleɪv/, /ˈɒ̃kleɪv/, /ˈɒnkleɪv/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈɑnkleɪv/, /ˈɛnkleɪv/, /ˈɑŋkleɪv/
• 韻: -ɛnkleɪv, -ɛŋkleɪv, -ɒnkleɪv

名詞

enclave (plural enclaves)

1. A political, cultural or social entity or part thereof that is completely surrounded by another.

   Coordinate terms: exclave, pene-enclave, pene-exclave

   The Republic of San Marino is an enclave of Italy.

   The streets around Union Square form a Protestant enclave within an otherwise Catholic neighbourhood.

2. A group that is set off from a larger population by its characteristic or behavior.
   • 1989 December 3, Pam Mitchell, Ronnie Gilbert, “Carrying On The Honorable Tradition Of 'Protest Music'”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 21, page 9:

     They were learning to do what in all my years in the music business I never saw — which was women running a record company, women producing concerts, women learning to be engineers, women moving into this absolutely all-male enclave. You never saw a woman in any of those positions, in any of that work except as secretaries and "go-fers".

   • 2014 November 17, Roger Cohen, “The horror! The horror! The trauma of ISIS [print version: International New York Times, 18 November 2014, p. 9]”, in The New York Times‎:

     What is unbearable, in fact, is the feeling, 13 years after 9/11, that America has been chasing its tail; that, in some whack-a-mole horror show, the quashing of a jihadi enclave here only spurs the sprouting of another there; that the ideology of Al Qaeda is still reverberating through a blocked Arab world whose Sunni-Shia balance (insofar as that went) was upended by the American invasion of Iraq.

   • 2017 May 11, Andy Beckett, “Accelerationism: how a fringe philosophy predicted the future we live in”, in The Guardian‎:

     Since 2013, he has become a guru for the US-based far-right movement neoreaction, or NRx as it often calls itself. Neoreactionaries believe in the replacement of modern nation-states, democracy and government bureaucracies by authoritarian city states, which on neoreaction blogs sound as much like idealised medieval kingdoms as they do modern enclaves such as Singapore.

3. (computing) An isolated portion of an application's address space, such that data in an enclave can only be accessed by code in the same enclave.
   • 2010, Mike Ebbers, Dino Tonelli, Jason Arnold, Co-locating Transactional and Data Warehouse Workloads on System z, page 245:

     When an enclave spans a system boundary in a sysplex, it is called a multisystem enclave.

使用する際の注意点

Enclaves are generally also exclaves, though exceptions exist (as detailed at list of enclaves and exclaves), and in common speech only the term enclave is used.

An enclave is an area surrounded by another area, while an exclave is an area cut off from the main area. An area can be cut off without being surrounded (such as Kaliningrad Oblast, cut off from the rest of Russia by Lithuania, Poland, and the Baltic Sea) hence exclaved without being enclaved, or surrounded without being cut off (such as the Kingdom of Lesotho, enclaved in South Africa, but not exclaved).

• 
  C is A's enclave and B's exclave.
• 
  C is an exclave of B, but not an enclave of A.

A pene-enclave (resp., pene-exclave) is an area that is an enclave "for practical purposes", but does not meet the strict definition. This is a very technical term.

派生語

関連する語

動詞

enclave (third-person singular simple present enclaves, present participle enclaving, simple past and past participle enclaved)

1. (transitive) To enclose within a foreign territory.

参照

• (group set off from a larger population by a characteristic): Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life - Page 74

by Robert Neelly Bellah, William M. Sullivan, Ann Swidler, Steven M. Tipton, Richard Madsen - 1996

アナグラム

• Valence, valence