英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 malice, borrowed from Old French malice, from Latin malitia (“badness, bad quality, ill-will, spite”), from malus (“bad”).

発音

• enPR: măl'ĭs, IPA: /ˈmælɪs/
• 韻: -ælɪs
• ハイフネーション: mal‧ice

名詞

malice (usually uncountable, plural malices)

1. Intention to harm or deprive in an illegal or immoral way. Desire to take pleasure in another's misfortune.

   Synonyms: evil, ill will, wickedness

   Your voice positively drips malice.

   • 1981, Philip K. Dick, Valis, →ISBN, page 67:

     […] not only was there no gratitude (which he could psychologically handle) but downright malice showed itself instead.

2. (law) An intention to do injury to another party, which in many jurisdictions is a distinguishing factor between the crimes of murder and manslaughter.
   • 2023 April 18, Sam Levine, Kira Lerner, “Fox and Dominion settle for US$787.5m in defamation lawsuit over election lies”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:

     The question that would have been before the jury was whether Fox committed “actual malice” in airing the claims. That required Dominion to show whether key decision makers were aware the claims were false or acted with reckless disregard for the truth.

派生語

関連する語

• malady

Further reading

• “malice”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “malice”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

動詞

malice (third-person singular simple present malices, present participle malicing, simple past and past participle maliced)

1. To intend to cause harm; to bear malice.
   • 1557, Henry Howard, “Complaint of a lover that defied Love and was by Love after the more tormented”, in Songes and Sonettes:

     Thou blinded God (quod I) forgive me this offence, / Unwittingly I went about, to malice thy pretence.

   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, page 477:

     Who on the other ſide did ſeeme ſo farre / From malicing, or grudging his good houre, / That, all he could, he graced him with her, / Ne euer ſhewed ſigne of rancour or of iarre.

   • 1596, Edm[und] Spenser, “An Hymne of Heavenly Love”, in Fowre Hymnes, London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, page 32:

     His paines, his pouertie, his ſharpe aſſayes, / Through which he paſt his miſerable dayes, / Offending none, and doing good to all, / Yet being maliſt both of great and ſmall.

   • 1599, Ben Jonson, Every Man out of His Humour, act 5, scene 2:

     I am so far from malicing their states, / That I begin to pity 'em.

   • 1609, Samuel Daniel, The History of the Civil Wars, book 5, verse 48:

     A feeble spirited king that governed, / Who ill could guide the sceptre he did use; / His enemies, that his worth maliced, / Who both the land and him did much abuse: / The peoples love; and his apparent right, May seem sufficient motives to incite.

   • 1995, Fugazi, “Fell, Destroyed”, in Red Medicine, performed by Guy Picciotto:

     Here's a list of side effects / Practice tested / Covering every maliced angle / For example: / You will sleep forever / You will never sleep again

   • 2005 May 3, “'He was a mess,' woman says of accused”, in The Whitehorse Star‎:

     Robert Truswell may have been a belligerent and malicing man, a jury heard this morning during the trial of George Kieran Daunt.

   • 2018 May 14, Kimberley Small, quoting Marion Hall, “Dancehall was contentious, says Marion Hall”, in The Jamaica Star‎:

     I haven't maliced anybody, definitely not. I never used to have friends like that. I had a few who I thought were friends. Even if you have friends, things happen and friendship break up, but you move on. But I still talk to everybody.

同意語

• envy (obsolete), grudge (obsolete), spite

アナグラム

• amelic, claime, maleic