英和和英

発音

• enPR: mŭd, IPA: /mʌd/
• (Northern England) IPA: /mʊd/
• 韻: -ʌd
• Homophone: MUD

語源 1

From 中期英語 mud, mudde, mode, probably a borrowing from Middle Dutch mod, modde or Middle Low German mudde, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *mud-, *mudra- (“mud”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *mū-, *mew- (“moist”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Mudde (“mud”), Middle High German mot (“mud”), Swedish modd (“slush”). Compare also suffixed variants English mother (“vinegar-forming sediment in alcohol”), West Frisian modder (“mud”), Dutch modder (“mud”), German Low German Mudder (“mud”), German Moder (“moldiness, mildew, decay”), Danish mudder (“mud”). Alternative etymology suggests the Proto-Germanic word is possibly borrowed from a Uralic language (compare e.g. Finnish muta (“mud”), Northern Sami mođđi (“mud”), Erzya мода (moda, “earth, ground”) from Proto-Uralic *muďa (“earth”)).

名詞

mud (countable and uncountable, plural muds)

1. A mixture of water and soil or fine grained sediment.
2. A plaster-like mixture used to texture or smooth drywall.
3. (slang, construction) Wet concrete as it is being mixed, delivered and poured.
4. (figuratively) Willfully abusive, even slanderous remarks or claims, notably between political opponents.

   The campaign issues got lost in all the mud from both parties.

5. (slang) Money, dough, especially when proceeding from dirty business.
6. (LGBTQ) Stool that is exposed as a result of anal sex.
7. (geology) A particle less than 62.5 microns in diameter, following the Wentworth scale
8. (slang, derogatory, ethnic slur) A black person.
   • 2013, Bill Pezza, Homegrown:

     That includes muds, spics, kikes and niggers.

   • 2015, Christian Picciolini, Romantic Violence: Memoirs of an American Skinhead:

     How could they be so gullible to think peace and love could be achieved with the muds burning down our cities […]

9. Drilling fluid.
10. (slang, originally US) Coffee.
11. (slang) Opium.
    • 1951 December 20, William S. Burroughs, “To Allen Ginsberg”, in Oliver Harris, editor, The Letters of William S. Burroughs, 1945–1959, New York: Penguin, published 1993, →ISBN, page 98:

      Of course, I take a bang or some mud in coffee now and then, and I pick up on gage right smart.

    • [1977 [1953], William S. Burroughs, edited by Allen Ginsberg, Junky, Penguin Books, →ISBN, Glossary, page 153:

      Brown Stuff, or Mud . . . Opium]

12. (slang) Heroin.
13. (US slang) Lean.
14. real property in English Land Law

派生語

関連する語

• muddle

動詞

mud (third-person singular simple present muds, present participle mudding, simple past and past participle mudded)

1. (transitive) To make muddy or dirty; to apply mud to (something).
2. (transitive) To make turbid.
3. (intransitive) To go under the mud, as an eel does.

語源 2

From Dutch mud, from West Germanic, from Latin modius. Doublet of modius and muid.

名詞

mud (plural muds or mudden)

1. (historical) A traditional Dutch unit of dry measure of variable size, frequently about 3 bushels.
2. (historical) A traditional Dutch unit of land area, vaguely reckoned as the amount of land required to sow a mud of seed.
3. (historical) A kind of box traditionally used in the Netherlands for measuring muds.

同意語

• Dutch bushel, bushel, muid (Dutch contexts)

語源 3

From MUD.

動詞

mud (third-person singular simple present muds, present participle mudding, simple past and past participle mudded)

1. (intransitive, Internet) To participate in a MUD or multi-user dungeon.
   • 1997, Philip Agre, Douglas Schuler, Reinventing technology, rediscovering community, page 153:

     Wizards, in general, have a very different experience of mudding than other players. Because of their palpable and extensive extra powers over other players, and because of their special role in MUD society, they are frequently treated differently […]

参照

Further reading

• “mud n.”, in Green’s Dictionary of Slang, Jonathon Green, 2016–present.

アナグラム

• DMU, UMD, dum