Biscuitとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From earlier bisket, from 中期英語 bisquyte, from Old French bescuit (French biscuit); doublet of biscotto.

発音

• IPA: /ˈbɪskɪt/, 韻: -ɪskɪt
• (Philippines) IPA: /ˈbis.kwɪt/
• (Indic) IPA: /ˈbɪskɛʈ/, /-ʊʈ/, /-ɪʈ/
• ハイフネーション: bis‧cuit

名詞

biscuit (countable and uncountable, plural biscuits)

1. (UK, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, sometimes Canada, rare in the US and the Philippines) A small, flat, baked good which is either hard and crisp or else soft but firm; a cookie.
   • 1992 October 3, Edwina Currie, Diary:

     Weighed myself at the gym and have hit 10st 8lb, a sure sign of things getting out of control—so I can’t even console myself with a chocolate biscuit.

2. (chiefly Canada, US, rare in Scotland and Guernsey) A small, usually soft and flaky bread, generally made with baking soda, which is similar in texture to a scone but which is usually not sweet.
3. (UK, Ireland, Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia) A cracker.

   cheese and biscuits

   water biscuits

   digestive biscuits

4. (especially nautical) Any of several hard bread or breadlike foodstuffs, especially those formerly supplied to naval ships and armies, made with very little water, kneaded into flat cakes, and slowly baked, and which often became infested with weevils.

   Hyponyms: ship's biscuit, ship biscuit, ship bread, sea biscuit, sea bread, hardtack, soft tack

   Near-synonyms: tack, bread

   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “Knights and Squires”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 125:

     He was a long, earnest man, and though born on an icy coast, seemed well adapted to endure hot latitudes, his flesh being hard as twice-baked biscuit.

5. A form of unglazed earthenware.

   Synonyms: biscuitware, biscuitry

   • 1791, Erasmus Darwin, The Economy of Vegetation, J. Johnson, page 87:

     Charm'd by your touch, the kneaded clay refines, / The biscuit hardens, the enamel shines […] .

   • 1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 202:

     In 1740, Thomas Whieldon of Little Fenton made 'toys' in either the clay or biscuit state. They were coloured with zaffre, copper, manganese, etc. and glazed with black, red or white lead.

   • 2004, Frank Hamer with Janet Hamer, The Potter's Dictionary of Materials and Techniques, 5th edition, London; Philadelphia, Penn.: A & C Black; University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 248:

     An overfired biscuit has insufficient porosity for glazing.

6. A light brown colour.

   biscuit:  

7. (woodworking) A thin oval wafer of wood or other material inserted into mating slots on pieces of material to be joined to provide gluing surface and strength in shear.

   Synonyms: dowel, finger joint, glue strip, spline

8. (US, slang) A plastic card bearing the codes for authorizing a nuclear attack.
9. (US, slang, hiphop) A handgun, especially a revolver.
   • 2007, Army of the Pharaohs, “Bloody Tears”, in Ritual of Battle:

     I shoot my biscuit in the air until the sky is gone

10. (ice hockey, shuffleboard) A puck (hockey puck).
11. (slang) The head.
    • 2012 April 2, Nicki Minaj, “Beez in the Trap” (track 4), in Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded‎:

      Damn, damn, what they say about me?
      I don't know man, fuck is on your biscuit

    • 2013 September 17, Jeezy featured by YG, “My Nigga”, in My Krazy Life‎, track 7:

      Me and my down ass nigga get twisted
      Nigga get to trippin', knock the gravy out your biscuit

    • 2019 October 4, Lil Tjay featured by Pop Smoke, “War”, in Meet The Woo 2‎, track 13 0:47:

      Henny right here, I'ma sip it
      You try me, it's shots at your biscuit

    • 2022 December 1, YOUNGESTSAV, “District”, PressPlay, 0:26 and oftener:

      […] Risk it, you get slapped in your biscuit

12. (New Zealand) An inner tube used in the sport of tubing, or biscuiting.

使用する際の注意点

• In North America, a biscuit is a small, soft baked bread similar to a scone but not sweet. In some cases, it can be hard (see dog biscuit). In the United Kingdom, a biscuit is a small, crisp or firm, sweet baked good — the sort of thing which in North America is called a cookie. (Less frequently, British speakers refer to crackers as biscuits.) In North America, even small, layered baked sweets like Oreos are referred to as cookies, while in the UK, typically only those biscuits which have chocolate chips, nuts, fruit, or other things baked into them are also called cookies.
• Throughout the English-speaking world, thin, crispy, salty or savoury baked breads like in this image (saltine crackers) are called crackers, while thin, crispy, sweet baked goods like in this image (Nilla Wafers) and this image (wafer sticks) are wafers.
• Both the US and the UK distinguish crackers, wafers and cookies/biscuits from cakes: the former are generally hard or crisp and become soft when stale, while the latter is generally soft or moist and becomes hard when stale.

引用

For quotations using this term, see Citations:biscuit.

派生語

派生した語

参考

動詞

biscuit (third-person singular simple present biscuits, present participle biscuiting, simple past and past participle biscuited)

1. (transitive) To fire (pottery) in a kiln, without a ceramic glaze.
2. (New Zealand, intransitive) To take part in the sport of tubing, riding down a river on an inner tube.