hilumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• hilus

語源

From Latin hīlum (“a trifle; a spot on a seed”).

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈhaɪ.ləm/
• 韻: -aɪləm
• ハイフネーション: hi‧lum

名詞

hilum (複数形 hila)

1. (botany) The eye of a bean or other seed; the mark or scar at the point of attachment of an ovule or seed to its base or support.
   • 1913, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, volume III, Washington, D.C.: Washington Academy of Sciences, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 141:

     The hilum is very prominent in some species and nearly flat in others.

   • 2005, David Feldman, Do Elephants Jump? (Imponderables Book), New York, N.Y.: HarperCollins Publishers, →ISBN, page 24:

     On the tip of each corn kernel is a hilum, collectively known as the "black layer," where it is attached to the cob. While corn is growing, nutrients are being transferred from the rest of the cob to the kernels through the hilum.

2. (botany) The nucleus of a starch grain.
   • 1916, William Mansfield, Histology of Medicinal Plants, New York, N.Y.: John Wiley & Sons, →OCLC, page 188:

     In central hilum starch grains the grain is laid down around the hilum in the form of concentric layers.

3. (anatomy) A depression or fissure through which ducts, nerves, or blood vessels enter and leave a gland or organ; a porta.
   • 1998, R[obert] M[atthew] H[ay] McMinn, R. T. Hutchings, B. M. Logan, “Abdomen”, in The Concise Handbook of Human Anatomy, London: Manson Publishing, →ISBN, pages 144–145:

     [The pancreas] is a hook-shaped gland, about 15 cm long, that lies transversely across the upper abdomen, with the head in the C-shaped curve of the duodenum […], extending to the left as the body behind the stomach and ending as the tail lying against the hilum of the spleen.

   • 2010, Benoît Ghaye, “Imaging of Hila and Pulmonary Vessels”, in Emmanuel E. Coche, Benoît Ghaye, Johan De Mey, Philippe Duyck, editors, Comparative Interpretation of CT and Standard Radiography of the Chest, Heidelberg: Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, page 166:

     The shadows of the hila on chest X-ray are mainly formed by the pulmonary arteries (PAs) and some of their main branches and the upper pulmonary veins (PVs).

   • 2010, W. Richard Webb, Charles B. Higgins, Thoracic Imaging: Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Radiology, 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Pa., London: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 161:

     In the large majority of normal patients, the hila appear equal in size on frontal radiographs; comparison of the two hila is helpful in patients with a unilateral abnormality.

同意語

• (fissure): porta

関連する語

• hilar

Further reading

• Hilum (biology) on Wikipedia.
• Hilum (anatomy) on Wikipedia.

Latin

語源

Unknown,^[1] possibly from a Semitic source, or a variant of filum (“thread”) if the original sense was “little thread, fiber”.^[2]

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈhiː.lum/, [ˈhiːɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈi.lum/, [ˈiːlum]

名詞

hīlum n (genitive hīlī); second declension

1. trifle
2. (in the negative) not a whit, not in the least

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

派生した語

• Catalan: hílum
• → English: hilum, hilus
• French: hile
• → German: Hilum
• Italian: ilo
• Portuguese: hilo
• Spanish: hilio

参照

• “hilum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “hilum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• hilum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• hilum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• hilum in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016