moral compassとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From moral (“of or relating to principles of right and wrong in behaviour; conforming to a standard of right behaviour”) +‎ compass (“device used to determine the cardinal directions”), from the fact that a compass indicates various directions on its face (sense 3), and enables its user to find the correct direction to go in (sense 1).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌmɒɹəl ˈkʌmpəs/, /ˌmɒɹl̩-/
• (General American) IPA: /ˌmɔɹəl ˈkʌmpəs/
• ハイフネーション: mor‧al com‧pass

名詞

moral compass (plural moral compasses) (ethics)

1. An inner sense which distinguishes what is right from what is wrong, functioning as a guide for morally appropriate behaviour.

   Synonyms: conscience, moral sense

   • 1865 August, “Scripture Cabinet: The Office of Temptation”, in I[saac] W[illiam] Wiley, editor, The Ladies’ Repository: A Monthly Periodical, Devoted to Literature and Religion, volume XXV, Cincinnati, Oh.: Poe & Hitchcock;  […], →OCLC, page 504, column 1:

     To every sane man in all climes and ages the great Creator has given a moral compass to enable him to avoid the wrong and follow the right. This moral compass we call conscience.

   • 1908, Alice Hegan Rice, chapter VII, in Mr. Opp, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC, page 81:

     He steered by the guidance of his own peculiar moral compass, regardless of the rough waters through which it led him.

   • 1994 November 20, Vincent Canby, “Arts: Sam Shepard Goes to the Races and Wins”, in The New York Times‎, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 26 May 2015:

     They hustle and scheme without moral compass, trying to survive by making accommodations that are at best temporary, more often delusional.

   • 2010, Anne Tyler, “A Conversation with Anne Tyler”, in Noah’s Compass […] (A Borzoi Book), trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, →ISBN, page 285:

     I think he did absolutely the right thing, because according to his own personal moral compass, interfering with someone else's marriage was a sin.

   • 2025 May 30, Joseph Gedeon, quoting Sam Harris, “Elon Musk allegedly took large amounts of drugs including ketamine while advising Trump – report”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:

     Popular podcaster and public intellectual Sam Harris, who publicly ended his friendship with Musk, wrote in a January newsletter: “There is something seriously wrong with his moral compass, if not his perception of reality.”

2. A belief system, person, etc. serving as a guide for morally appropriate behaviour.
   • 1974 November 11, Paul Gray, “Books: Notable: Dog Soldiers by Robert Stone 342 Pages. Houghton Mifflin. $8.95. [review]”, in Time‎, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 31 May 2022:

     Their catastrophe stemmed from disregarding Christian doctrine: radix malorum est cupiditas (greed is the root of all evil). Without a moral compass, [Robert] Stone's characters cannot even plead ignorance.

   • 1975 June 18, J[erald] F[ranklin] Terhorst, “Philip Hart—The almost-leader of Supreme Court”, in Robert M. Stiff, editor, Evening Independent, number 195, St. Petersburg, Fla.: Evening Independent, →OCLC, page 18A, columns 5–6:

     [Philip] Hart is one of those rare men whose ego is smaller than his talents; and whose directness and sense of conscience have led others to regard him as the moral compass of the Senate.

   • 1998 December 5, “Diary reveals complex life of southern Jew”, in Miami Herald, number 82, Miami, Fla.: Herald Print. and Pub. Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1G:

     He writes that Judaism was her moral compass.

3. (archaic) The full range of actions, vices, or virtues, which may affect others and which are available as choices to a person, group, or people in general.
   • 1822, Anna Maria Porter, chapter I, in Roche-Blanche; or, The Hunters of the Pyrenees. […], volume I, London: […] [A[ndrew] & R[obert] Spottiswoode] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […], →OCLC, page 19:

     [W]hile blowing opposite arguments from every point of the moral compass, the adventurous Baron quietly saw himself left to navigate his own vessel his own way, through this storm of his own raising.

   • 1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, “From which It will Appear that if Union be Strength, and Family Affection be Pleasant to Contemplate, the Chuzzlewits were the Strongest and Most Agreeable Family in the World”, in The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, →OCLC, page 36:

     Here Mr. Chevy Slyme, whose great abilities seemed one and all to point towards the sneaking quarter of the moral compass, nudged his friend stealthily with his elbow, and whispered in his ear.

   • 1886, David Thomas, “No. CXLII. Conventional Christianity, the Great Hindrance to the Extension of the Christianity in Christ”, in Septem in Uno: The First Seven Volumes of The Homilist in One, […] (Homilistic Library; VIII; The Pulpit of the Nineteenth Century), London: Andrew Crombie, […], →OCLC, page 345:

     Ideas are our rudders. As the soul glides along the warm and swelling sea of feeling, it can only be turned to new points of the moral compass by them.

関連する語

• moral code

Further reading

• morality on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “moral compass, n.” under “moral, adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
• “moral compass, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “moral compass”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.