qualmとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Perhaps from 中期英語 qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from 古期英語 cwealm (West Saxon: "death, disaster, plague"), ūtcualm (Anglian: "utter destruction"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of "pang of apprehension, etc." in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm (“steam, vapor, mist”) earlier “daze, stupefaction”, which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense “feeling of faintness” is from 1530; “uneasiness, doubt” from 1553; “scruple of conscience” from 1649.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /kwɑːm/, /kwɔːm/
• (General American) IPA: /kwɑ(l)m/, /kwɔ(l)m/, (obsolete) /kwæm/
• 韻: -ɑːm, -ɔːm, -ɑːlm

名詞

qualm (plural qualms)

1. A feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc. [from 16th c.]
   • 1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[Miscellany Fables.] Fab[le] CCCLXXXIII. A Spider and the Gout [Reflexion].”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 355:

     [W]ho vvould not rather Sleep Quietly upon a Hammock, vvithout either Cares in his Head, or Crudities in his Stomach, then lye Carking upon a Bed of State, vvith the Qualms and Tvvinges that accompany Surfeits and Exceſs?

   • 1951 July 16, J[erome] D[avid] Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 19:

     "Do you have any particular qualms about leaving Pencey?" / "Oh, I have a few qualms, all right. Sure … but not too many. Not yet, anyway. […]"

   • 1960 July 11, Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird, Philadelphia, Pa.; New York, N.Y.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC:

     Jem’s face showed brief indecision on the ethics of withholding his own dime, but his innate courtesy won and he shifted his dime to his pocket. I did likewise with no qualms.

   • 2012 August 25, Andy Pasztor, “Armstrong, first man on Moon, dies”, in The Wall Street Journal‎, New York, N.Y.: Dow Jones & Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:

     Opponents of those privatization plans hoped to use Mr. [Neil] Armstrong's qualms as ammunition to block the White House initiatives, and they asked for more public statements.

     (Can we archive this URL?)

   • 2021 September 22, Caroline Siede, “Dear Evan Hansen is a misfire on just about every level”, in AV Club‎:

     Questions of bad taste have hung around Dear Evan Hansen since it debuted on Broadway in 2016, though such qualms were mostly drowned out by praise for Platt’s visceral live performance and the catchy Broadway-by-way-of-Christian-rock tunes from wunderkind songwriters Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (who are also responsible for the toe-tapping numbers from The Greatest Showman).

2. A sudden sickly feeling; queasiness. [from 16th c.]
3. (now chiefly in the negative) A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt. [from 17th c.]

   This lawyer has no qualms about saving people who are on the wrong side of the law.

4. (archaic, UK, dialectal) Mortality; plague; pestilence.
5. (archaic, UK, dialectal) A calamity or disaster.

使用する際の注意点

For sense 3 (moral hesitation or ethical doubt), the plural form qualms is more common than the singular.

同意語

• compunction
• misgiving
• scruple
• unease/uneasiness
• See Thesaurus:apprehension

派生語

関連する語

• quell

動詞

qualm (third-person singular simple present qualms, present participle qualming, simple past and past participle qualmed)

1. (intransitive) To have a sickly feeling.

参照

語源

From 古期英語 cwealm, from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm.

発音

• IPA: /kwalm/

名詞

qualm

1. Plague, disease or sickness; that which afflicts.
2. The effects, fruits, or ravages of plague.
3. (rare) Killing (as a concept or as an instance)

派生した語

• English: qualm (possibly)
• Scots: qualm (possibly)

参照

• “qualm, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 12 November 2018.