TAUTOLOGYとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Late Latin tautologia, from Ancient Greek ταὐτολογία (tautología) from ταὐτός (tautós, “the same”) + λόγος (lógos, “explanation”). By surface analysis, tauto- +‎ -logy.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /tɔːˈtɒləd͡ʒi/
• (Standard Southern British, Australia, New Zealand) IPA: /toːˈtɔləd͡ʒi/
• (米国発音)
  • (without the cot–caught merger) IPA: /tɔˈtɑləd͡ʒi/
  • (cot–caught merger) IPA: /tɑˈtɑləd͡ʒi/
• (Scotland) IPA: /tɔˈtɔləd͡ʒe/
• 韻: -ɒlədʒi

名詞

tautology (countable and uncountable, plural tautologies)

1. (uncountable, rhetoric) Redundant use of words, a pleonasm, an unnecessary and tedious repetition.

   It is tautology to say, "Forward Planning".

   • 2019 April 29, Gary Nunn, “Don't ditch the adverb, the emoji of writing”, in The Guardian‎, archived from the original on 23 July 2019:

     Note he won’t shout loudly – that’s known as a pleonasm, when more words than necessary are used. It’s the chief criticism of the adverb: stripping interesting verbs like “shout” of their punch. The tautology can come across as immature.

2. (countable, rhetoric) An expression that features tautology.

   The expression "raze to the ground" is a tautology, since the word "raze" includes the notion "to the ground".

   • 1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy:

     Pure mathematics consists of tautologies, analogous to ‘men are men’, but usually more complicated.

   • 2013 June 5, Ally Fogg, “How can you make driving more antisocial than it already is?”, in The Guardian‎, archived from the original on 18 March 2017:

     There can be few tautologies purer than the phrase "antisocial motoring". Nothing could be more antisocial than locking oneself into a steel box before hurtling down a Tarmac scar, cleaving urban and rural communities or unspoiled natural havens, past children held tight in the fearful grip of nervous parents while you fart toxic fumes in their general direction.

3. (countable, logic, propositional logic) A statement that is true for all truth values of its propositional variables.
4. (countable, logic, first-order logic) A statement that is true for all truth values of its Boolean atoms.

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “linguistics: expression”): contradiction in terms
• (antonym(s) of “in logic”): contradiction
• (antonym(s) of “literary”): oxymoron

等位語

• (in logic): contingency, contradiction

派生語

参考

• pleonasm
• redundancy
• Tautology on Wikipedia.Wikipedia