Woodlouseとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /ˈwʊdˌlaʊs/

名詞

woodlouse (plural woodlice)

1. Any of various small terrestrial isopod crustaceans of suborder Oniscidea, having a rigid segmented exoskeleton, usually feeding on dead plant matter and living in damp, dark places, such as under stones or bark. Several common species roll into a ball when disturbed, hence names such as pill bug and roly-poly.
   • 1995, Olaf Breidbach, Wolfram Kutsch, editors, The Nervous Systems of Invertebrates: An Evolutionary and Comparative Approach, page 193:

     In addition, both the woodlouse and the crayfish possess an unpaired medial nerve which runs along the whole length of the ventral nerve cord, linking adjacent ganglia.

   • 2001, John L. Capinera, editor, Handbook of Vegetable Pests, page 566:

     Woodlice commonly produce offspring 1–3 times per year, with spring and autumn broods most common. Woodlice often survive for longer than a year, with longevity of 2–5 years not uncommon.

   • 2011, Ruth Owen, Creepy Backyard Invaders, page 18:

     The sections allow woodlice to bend and curve their armored bodies. Some types of woodlice can roll into a tight ball. They do this to protect themselves when threatened by a predator.
     Female woodlice carry their eggs in a liquid-filled pouch under their bodies. When the young woodlice hatch from the eggs, they crawl out of the pouch.

   • 2015, Dave Goulson, A Buzz in the Meadow: The Natural History of a French Farm, Picador, →ISBN, pages 24-25:

     At the time the Burgess Shale was laid down, life on land was pretty unexciting – there were a few primitive clubmosses and liverworts growing in wet areas near water, but little else. There would also have been a strand-line of washed-up plants and animals, edible detritus that was tantalisingly out of reach of the water-bound animals of the day. Inevitably, before long some arthropods began to drag themselves ashore to take advantage of these untapped resources. Their external skeletons, which perhaps originally evolved as a defence against predators, helped to support their bodies on land, giving them an edge in colonisation there over soft-bodied sea animals such as jellyfish and worms. To start with, these animals would presumably have been poorly waterproofed and had to return to water very regularly to prevent themselves drying out; or they would have had to stay in the dampest places, amongst rotting weed or damp moss. […] As the plants slowly adapted to life on land and spread away from the seas, they also grew taller as the competition for light intensified. To follow them, the animals had to improve their waterproofing. Some animal groups never really got the hang of this; for example, the few crustaceans that successfully invaded land, such as woodlice, are restricted to damp places to this day. Others, such as arachnids, evolved more-or-less waterproof cuticles and eggs, so that they were able to leave water far behind and occupy even the most inhospitable, arid environments on Earth.

同意語

• (any species of suborder Oniscidea): oniscid, oniscidean
  • (local and regional terms): armadillo bug, butcher boy, cheese-bug, cheesybug, cheeselog, chiggypig, chucky pig, doodlebug, grammersow, lobster lug, monkey pea, pill bug, rolly polly/roly-poly/roly poly, sowbug, sowpig, slater

See also Thesaurus:woodlouse

派生語

Further reading

• woodlouse on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Oniscidea on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
• Category:Oniscidea on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
• UK woodlouse names survey, Tamsin Blaxter.