summativeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈsʌm.ə.tɪv/
• (米国発音, Canada) IPA: /ˈsʌm.ə.tɪv/, [ˈsʌm.ə.ɾɪv]
• (General Australian) IPA: /ˈsam.ə.tɪv/, [ˈsam.ə.ɾɪv]

形容詞

summative (not comparable)

1. Of, pertaining to, or produced by summation.
   1. Synonym of additive.
   2. Synonym of summary (adj).

      Synonym: summarizing (part. adj.)

      Near-synonym: abstractive

2. (education) Denoting forms of assessment used to quantify educational outcomes.

   Coordinate term: formative

派生語

• summatively (adverb)

名詞

summative (plural summatives)

1. (education) A summative assessment; a test that assesses what a student learned during a course of study.
   • 1989, David A. Jacobsen, David Jacobsen, Paul D. Eggen, Methods for Teaching: A Skills Approach, page 215:

     The reson a summative evaluation might not be available at this point is that it is not unusual to offer summatives for more than one objective as opposed to offering summatives for each objective.

   • 2015, Michael K. Raible, Every Child, Every Day, page 22:

     Summatives, on the other hand, are used for comparisons between schools and districts.

   • 2018, Emily Rinkema, Stan Williams, The Standards-Based Classroom: Make Learning the Goal, page 58:

     All of this was great, and there were many summatives that we loved for many reasons. Since becoming standards based, however, our thoughts on summatives have changed.

2. (linguistics) A word or phrase, such as "in short" or "therefore", that signals that the area of the utterance (text or speech) that contains it is summarizing a larger body of information.

   Holonym: metadiscourse

   Comeronym: transition

   • 2015, Oleg Kiselyov, “Canonical Constituents and Non-canonical Coordination”, in Tsuyoshi Murata, Koji Mineshima, Daisuke Bekki, editor, New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence:

     The immediate future work is the treatment of summatives (with "total") and symmetric phrases (with the "same").

   • 2015, Jesús Romero-Trillo, Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics 2015, page 250:

     Summarizers and Concluders (Quirk et al. 1985: summatives) may signal the last element in a list ( 'finally' ) or be used to sum up ( English: 'altogether', 'then' , 'therefore' , and more formal expressions like 'to conclude', 'in conclusion'; Italian: 'In/in breve', 'Allo scopo di sintetizzare).

   • 2019, Cynthia Wall, Grammars of Approach, page 184:

     Sometimes the summative is the center of the paragraph, long or short, as when she describes her first husband, the Brewer, in a short paragraph that, "in short," "cut[s] short a dull Story" (10).

3. A cumulative measure.
   • 2022, Simon Grima, Ercan Özen, Inna Romānova, Managing Risk and Decision Making in Times of Economic Distress:

     The ECB (2021a, 2021b, 2021c), for example, has allowed its supervising banks to operate temporarily under the LCR, and the Swedish regulator (Reuters, 2020) has extended this to various currencies, allowing banks to 'temporarily fall below the liquidity ration (LCR) for individual foreign exchange positions and summatives.'