英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 drit (“excrement”), from Old Norse drit (“excrement”), from Proto-Germanic *dritą, *dritō (“excrement”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreyd-, *treydʰ- (“to have diarrhea”). Cognate with dialectal Danish and Norn drit (“excrement”), Norwegian dritt (“excrement”), dialectal Swedish dret (“shit”), Faroese and Icelandic drit (“bird excrement”), Dutch drijten (“to defecate”), drits (“dirt, mud, filth”), drijt and dreet (“excrement”), Low German drieten (“to defecate”), Driet (“shit”), regional German Driss (“shit”), 古期英語 ġedrītan (“to defecate”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

The word originally referred to excrement before shifting to the current sense of "soil". For a semantic parallel, see Norwegian skitt (“dirt, filth, grime, mud”), from Old Norse skítr (“shit”), which is cognate with English shit.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: dût, IPA: /dɜːt/
• (General American) enPR: dûrt, IPA: /dɝt/
• (Scotland) IPA: /dɪɾt/
• (New Zealand, Wales) IPA: /døːt/
• (Liverpool, fair–fur merger) IPA: /deːt/, [deːθ̠]
• (Humberside, Teesside, fair–fur merger) IPA: /dɛːt/
• 韻: -ɜː(ɹ)t

名詞

dirt (usually uncountable, plural dirts)

1. (chiefly US) Soil or earth.
2. A stain or spot (on clothes etc); any foreign substance that worsens appearance.

   Synonym: filth

3. Previously unknown facts or rumors about a person.

   Synonyms: gossip, kompromat

   The reporter uncovered the dirt on the businessman by going undercover.

   • 2011, David Puttnam, Movies and Money, Vintage, →ISBN:

     Perhaps inevitably, as the manipulation of the stars' public images became ever more rigorous, so too did the efforts of gossip columnists such as Louella Parsons and Hedda Hopper to uncover dirt and scandal.

4. (figurative) Meanness; sordidness.
   • 1810, W. Melmoth, transl., Letters of Pliny:

     honours […] thrown away upon dirt and infamy

5. (mining) In placer mining, earth, gravel, etc., before washing.
6. Freckles.
   • 1983, Pat Phoenix, Love, curiosity, freckles, and doubt‎, page 158:

     I'm one of Charlie's Angels too, but I'm the one with the dirty face.

   • 2005, Kevin O'Hara, Last of the Donkey Pilgrims: A Man's Journey Through Ireland‎, page 244:

     a dirty-faced redhead poked a soiled kerchief beneath my nose, and charmlessly wheedled, "Spare coppers, mister, Spare coppers!" This runny-nosed waif, a "knacker" in the Dublin vernacular, was of the traveling breed who had of late given up their painted wagons for the grimy ghettos of the city. The child -God Bless the Mark- had freckles that splotched her face as though God had applied them too hurriedly with a blunt brush.

   • 2016, Lindsay Bowman, To The Girls With Dirt On Their Faces‎:

     Whatever you love about your freckles, they make you unique and beautiful. Don't always feel that you need to clean that dirt off your face with that foundation powder or contour layers. You're naturally beautiful as you are!

7. (archaic) Excrement; dung.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Judges 3:22:

     And the haft also went in after the blade: and the fatte closed vpon the blade, so that hee could not drawe the dagger out of his belly, and the dirt came out.

派生語

動詞

dirt (third-person singular simple present dirts, present participle dirting, simple past and past participle dirted)

1. (transitive, rare) To make foul or filthy; soil; befoul; dirty

アナグラム

• tri-D