英和和英

語源

From light(e)n +‎ -ing. Doublet of lightening.

発音

• IPA: /ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/, [ˈlʌɪ̯ʔ.nɪŋ], [ˈlɐɪ̯ʔ.nɪŋ]
• 韻: -aɪtnɪŋ

名詞

lightning (usually uncountable, plural lightnings)

1. A flash of light produced by short-duration, high-voltage discharge of electricity within a cloud, between clouds, or between a cloud and the earth.

   Although we did not see the lightning, we did hear the thunder.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 38:35:

     Canst thou send lightnings, that they may go, and say unto thee, Here we are?

   • 1901, E. L. Morris, The Child's Eden, page 16:

     It was the thought of hot July and August days, when the clouds piled up like woolly mountains, and lightnings streaked the sky.

   • 1958 November, “Storm Damage in the Home Counties”, in Railway Magazine, page 746:

     Between 8 and 9 p.m., the recorder at a meteorological station at Harrow, Middlesex, picked up 1,470 lightning flashes within a radius of 10 to 15 miles, and observers at the station described the storm as "probably one of the most spectacular of the century."

   • 2008, Kathy Clark, Stand By Your Man, page 280:

     Manny drove a few miles per hour under the speed limit, entranced by the awesome display of lightning streaking out of the clouds toward earth.

   • 2021 October 13, Genshin Impact, v2.2, miHoYo, iOS, Android, Windows, PS4, level/area: The Sun-Wheel and Mt. Kanna:

     "Ruu": The adults in the village all said that children like me could calm the lightning and turn the storms into timely rain.

2. A discharge of this kind.

   The lightning was hot enough to melt the sand.

   That tree was hit by lightning.

   • c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene ii:

     Auster and Aquilon with winged Steeds
     All ſweating, tilt about the watery heauens,
     With ſhiuering ſpeares enforcing thunderclaps,
     And from their ſhields ſtrike flames of lightening

   • 1881, Daniel Pierce Thompson, The Green Mountain Boys, page 281:

     The rain at length ceased; and the lightnings, as they played along the black parapet of clouds, that lay piled in the east, shone with less dazzling fierceness, […]

3. (figuratively) Anything that moves very fast.
   • 1918 September–November, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The Land That Time Forgot”, in The Blue Book Magazine, Chicago, Ill.: Story-press Corp., →OCLC; republished as chapter V, in Hugo Gernsback, editor, Amazing Stories, (please specify |part=I to III), New York, N.Y.: Experimenter Publishing, 1927, →OCLC:

     Nobs, though, was lightning by comparison with the slow thinking beast and dodged his opponent's thrust with ease. Then he raced to the rear of the tremendous thing and seized it by the tail.

4. (archaic, slang) Gin.
   • 2017, Jake Arnott, The Fatal Tree:

     I took some gin but it did little to calm my mood. […] 'Come now, Bess,' she entreated, and poured another glass of lightning. 'Tell your old mother everything.' I took a gulp of the spirit, then babbled all, showing her the loot now in my possession.

5. Obsolete form of lightening.

使用する際の注意点

• bolt, flash, strike are some of the words used to count lightning.

等位語

• thunder (noise), thunderbolt (instance), fulgural (adjective)

派生語

形容詞

lightning (not comparable)

1. Extremely fast or sudden; moving (as if) at the speed of lightning.
   • 2018, Nader Uskowi, Temperature Rising, page 69:

     The insurgents then began their lightning advance along the Euphrates in the Sunni heartland toward Baghdad.

参考

動詞

lightning (third-person singular simple present lightnings, present participle lightninging, simple past and past participle lightninged)

1. (impersonal, childish or nonstandard, intransitive) To produce lightning.
   • 1916, Dorothy Canfield Fisher, Understood Betsy:

     Or if it thundered and lightninged, Aunt Frances always dropped everything she might be doing and held Elizabeth Ann tightly in her arms until it was all over.

   • 1968, Dan Greenburg, Chewsday: a sex novel:

     The next day, though it is not only raining but thundering and lightninging as well, antiquing is seen by three-fourths of those present as a lesser evil than free play.

   • 1987, Tricia Springstubb, Eunice Gottlieb and the unwhitewashed truth about life:

     "Hey!" yelled Reggie, pulling her back. "Get in here! It's lightninging. I don't want a charcoal-broiled friend!"

   • 1988, Carlo Collodi, Roberto Innocenti, The adventures of Pinocchio:

     I don't know, Father, but believe me, it has been a horrible night — one that I'll never forget. It thundered and lightninged, and I was very hungry.

使用する際の注意点

• The standard, but rare, verb for "produce lightning" is lighten, used only in the impersonal form "it lightens", or as "it’s lightening".

参照