turpisとは意味・読み方・使い方

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/04/17 01:43 UTC 版)

Uncertain. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to turn”) (with the word interpreted as "turning away" > "repelling" > "disgusting"), and compared with Ancient Greek τρέπω (trépō, “to turn, divert”), Sanskrit त्रपते (trapate, “to be ashamed”). Compare typologically Russian отврати́тельный (otvratítelʹnyj) (< Old Church Slavonic отъвратити (otŭvratiti) < вратити (vratiti)). De Vaan is skeptical of the semantics of this derivation, and prefers, albeit with hesitation, to compare the word with torpeō (“to be stiff”).

turpis (neuter turpe, comparative turpior, superlative turpissimus, adverb turpiter); third-declension two-termination adjective

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

	masc./fem.	neuter	masc./fem.	neuter
	singular		plural
nominative	turpis	turpe	turpēs	turpia
genitive	turpis		turpium
dative	turpī		turpibus
accusative	turpem	turpe	turpēs turpīs	turpia
ablative	turpī		turpibus
vocative	turpis	turpe	turpēs	turpia

Balkan Romance:
- → Albanian: turp
Italo-Romance:
- >? Gallurese: tulpi
- Italian: turpe
Padanian:
- Romansch: tuorp
Ibero-Romance:
- Galician: torpe
- Portuguese: torpe
- Spanish: torpe ⇒ estorpar
Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: turpe (obsolete), tzurpu (doubtful)
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exturpiāre
- Italian: storpiare, stroppiare (Old Lucchese)
  - → French: estropier
  - → German: struppieren (regional)
  - → Portuguese: estropiar
  - → Spanish: estropear
- Piedmontese: stropiè
- Romansch: strupiar, strupchiar, strupchier, strupchá
Borrowings:
- → English: turpid
- → French: turpide, turpe
- → Hungarian: turpisság

“turpis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“turpis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
turpis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- a virtuous (immoral) life: vita honesta (turpis)
- to follow virtue; to flee from vice: honesta expetere; turpia fugere
Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “tŭrpis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 13: To–Tyrus, page 432
Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “túrpe”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

Wiktionary英語版での「turpis」の意味