英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 muscle, muscule, muskylle, and in part from Middle French muscle, from Latin mūsculus (“a muscle”, literally “little mouse”) because of the mouselike appearance of some muscles, from mūs (“mouse”). Doublet of mussel. More at mouse.

発音

• enPR: mŭʹsəl, IPA: /ˈmʌs.əl/, [ˈmʌs.l̩]
• Homophone: mussel
• 韻: -ʌsəl
• ハイフネーション: mus‧cle

名詞

muscle (countable and uncountable, plural muscles)

1. (uncountable) A contractile form of tissue which animals use to effect movement.

   Synonym: thew

   Muscle consists largely of actin and myosin filaments.

   • 1701, Nehemiah Grew, “Of the Use of Organized Bodies”, in Cosmologia Sacra: Or A Discourse of the Universe as It is the Creature and Kingdom of God. […], London: […] W[illiam] Rogers, S[amuel] Smith, and B[enjamin] Walford: […], →OCLC, 1st book, paragraph 18, page 27:

     For as the Trunk of the Body, is kept from tilting forvvard by the Muſcules of the Back: So, from falling backvvard, by theſe of the Belly.

2. (countable) An organ composed of muscle tissue.
   • 1912 January, Zane Grey, chapter VIII, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC:

     His brow and hair and the palms of his hands were wet, and there was a kind of nervous contraction of his muscles. They seemed to ripple and string tense.

   • 1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:

     You, Boxer, the very day that those great muscles of yours lose their power, Jones will sell you to the knacker […]

3. (usually in the plural) A well-developed physique, in which the muscles are enlarged from exercise.
   • 2008, Lou Schuler, "Foreward", in Nate Green, Built for Show, page xii

     The fact that I was middle-aged, bald, married, and raising girls instead of chasing them didn't really bother me. Muscles are cool at any age.

4. (uncountable, figurative) Strength, force.
   • 1988 February 14, Elizabeth Pincus, “Arizona Impeaches Right-Wing Governor”, in Gay Community News, volume 15, number 30, page 1:

     The widely-backed campaign to recall Evan Mecham as governor of Arizona gained even more muscle when the state House of Representatives voted to impeach the ultraconservative on February 5.

   • 2010, Adam Quinn, US Foreign Policy in Context, page 81:

     The lesson to be drawn from the events of 1914, to Roosevelt's mind, was that civilization needed muscle to defend it, not just solemn words.

   • 2013, John D. MacDonald, The Long Lavender Look, page 15:

     It was going to take muscle to pluck Miss Agnes out of the canal.

   • 2022 January 12, Christian Wolmar, “A new year... but the same old mistakes are being made”, in RAIL, number 948, pages 40–41:

     How can the unions - or more specifically the RMT—possibly think this is a good time to exert a bit of industrial muscle and indulge in strikes both on the national railway and the London Underground?

5. (uncountable, figurative) Hired strongmen or bodyguards.
   • 1985, Lance Parkin, The Infinity Doctors, page 34:

     It was easy enough to dodge him, let him crash into the floorboards. Peltroc knew that his priority was the leader, not the hired muscle.

別の表記

• muscule (obsolete)

上位語

• (tissue or organ): musculature

下位語

• Types of muscles: see also Category:en:Muscles

派生語

参考

• myology
• myotomy

動詞

muscle (third-person singular simple present muscles, present participle muscling, simple past and past participle muscled)

1. (transitive) To use force to make progress, especially physical force.

   He muscled his way through the crowd.

   • 1988, Steve Holman, “Christian Conquers Columbus”, in Ironman, 47 (6): 28-34:

     Hensel and Wilson hit a series of leg shots simultaneously as Christian muscles between them with Quinn right on his heels.

   • 1990, Wayne Jancik, The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN, page 236:

     Nothing the Nebraskans ever again recorded managed to muscle more than minimal attention.

   • 2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 112:

     "Here!" I passed out stacks of money. T.C. hadn't had time to batch it up, so some of it was just laying loose in money bags and I passed all that shit out to Rome while Pimp muscled Miss Lady around.

2. (intransitive) To move forcefully or with great strength.

   She muscled through the ruins.

派生語

• muscle in
• muscle in on
• muscle-up, muscle up
• outmuscle

関連する語

• mouse

参照

• “muscle”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

アナグラム

• clumse

語源

Borrowed from Late Latin mūscula, from Latin mūsculus.

発音

• IPA: /ˈmus.kle/

名詞

muscle f

1. mussel
   • late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History

     Swylċe ēac þēos eorþe is berende missenlīcra fugela ⁊ sǣwihta ⁊ hēr bēoþ oft fanġene seolas ⁊ hronas and mereswȳn; ⁊ hēr bēoþ oft numene missenlīcra cynna weolcsċylle ⁊ muscule, ⁊ on þām oft ġemette þā betstan meregrotan ǣlces hīwes.

     This land also bears various birds and sea creatures, and seals, porpoises, and dolphins are often caught here; and various kinds of shellfish and mussel are often taken, and in them the best pearls of every color are often found.

語形変化

Weak n-stem:

派生した語

• Middle English: muscle, moskle, muschyl, muscul, muskall, muskel, muskele, muskell, muskle, muskyl, muskyll, musshell, mustul
  • English: mussel
  • Scots: mushle
  • → Welsh: misgl

参照

• Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “muscelle”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

別の表記

• moskle, muschyl, muscul, muskall, muskel, muskele, muskell, muskle, muskyl, muskyll, musshell, mustul

発音

• IPA: /ˈmus(k)əl/, /ˈmus(k)lə/

名詞

muscle (plural muscles)

1. mussel (bivalve)
2. (rare) A sort of siege engine.

派生した語

• English: mussel
• Scots: mushle
• → Welsh: misgl

参照

• “muscle, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源 2

From Middle French muscle, from Latin mūsculus (“muscle”).

別の表記

• mucell, muscule, musculle, muskylle

発音

• IPA: /ˈmusəl/, /ˈmuslə/, /ˈmuskiu̯l(ə)/

名詞

muscle (plural muscles)

1. (anatomy) muscle

派生した語

• English: muscle

参照

• “muscle, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.