英和和英

発音

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈsmʌðɚ/
• 韻: -ʌðə(ɹ)

語源 1

From Middle English smothren, smortheren, alteration (due to smother, smorther (“a suffocating vapour, dense smoke”, noun)) of Middle English smoren (“to smother”), from 古期英語 smorian (“to smother, suffocate, choke”), from Proto-Germanic *smurōną (“to suffocate, strangle”), probably related to *smallijan (“to burn”) or 古期英語 smoca (“smoke”).^[1]

Cognate with Middle Low German smoren, smurten (“to choke, suffocate”), West Flemish smoren (“to smoke, reek”), Dutch smoren (“to suffocate, smother", also "to stew, simmer”), German schmoren (“to stew, simmer, braise”).

動詞

smother (三人称単数 現在形 smothers, 現在分詞 smothering, 過去形および過去分詞形 smothered)

1. (transitive) To suffocate; stifle; obstruct, more or less completely, the respiration of something or someone.

   He smothered her by pressing his hand over her mouth.

   • 1817 December​, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “The Revolt of Islam. […]”, in [Mary] Shelley, editor, The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. […], volume I, London: Edward Moxon […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 280:

     But I am Pestilence;—hither and thither
     I flit about, that I may slay and smother;—
     All lips which I have kissed must surely wither,
     But Death’s—if thou art he, we’ll go to work together!

2. (transitive) To extinguish or deaden, as fire, by covering, overlaying, or otherwise excluding the air.

   to smother a fire with ashes

3. (transitive) To reduce to a low degree of vigor or activity; suppress or do away with; extinguish

   Synonyms: stifle, cover up, conceal, hide

   The committee's report was smothered.

4. (transitive, cooking) To cook in a close dish.

   beefsteak smothered with onions

5. (transitive) To daub or smear.
6. (intransitive) To be suffocated.

   She is smothered by the rope.

7. (intransitive) To breathe with great difficulty by reason of smoke, dust, close covering or wrapping, or the like.
8. (intransitive, of a fire) to burn very slowly for want of air; smolder.
9. (intransitive, figuratively) to perish, grow feeble, or decline, by suppression or concealment; be stifled; be suppressed or concealed.
10. (soccer) To get in the way of a kick of the ball.
    • 2011 December 27, Mike Henson, “Norwich 0 - 2 Tottenham”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

      Emmanuel Adebayor's touch proved a fraction heavy as he guided Van der Vaart's exquisite long ball round John Ruddy, before the goalkeeper did well to smother Bale's shot from Modric's weighted pass.

11. (豪州用法 rules football) To get in the way of a kick of the ball, preventing it going very far. When a player is kicking the ball, an opponent who is close enough will reach out with his hands and arms to get over the top of it, so the ball hits his hands after leaving the kicker's boot, dribbling away.
12. (boxing) To prevent the development of an opponent's attack by one's arm positioning.

派生語

• smotherable
• smotheration
• smothercate
• smothery

関連する語

• smotheriness

語源 2

From Middle English smother, smorther (“a suffocating vapour, dense smoke”), from 古期英語 smorþor (“smoke”, literally “that which suffocates”), from smorian (“to suffocate, choke”) + -þor (instrumental suffix).

名詞

smother (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 smothers)

1. That which smothers or appears to smother, particularly
   1. Smoldering; slow combustion.
   2. Cookware used in such cooking.
      • c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 404:

        Thus must I from the smoke into the smother […]

   3. (dated) The state of being stifled; suppression.
      • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Suspicion”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

        not to keep their suspicions in smother

   4. (dated) Stifling smoke; thick dust.
      • c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], lines 239-40:

        Thus must I from the smoke into the smother, / From tyrant duke unto tyrant brother.

      • 1868, Judy, volume 3-4, page 20:

        Then we passed the Grand Opéra, at which our fine taste revolted; the Rue de la Paix, all in a smother with the dust caused by its improvement, at which our eyes naturally distilled water; […]

   5. (豪州用法 rules football) The act of smothering a kick (see verb section).

参照

• “smother”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• “smother, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

アナグラム

• moth-ers, mothers, thermos