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Wiktionary英語版での「exculpatory」の意味 |
exculpatory
語源
From exculpate + -ory (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of または pertaining to, serving for’).[1] Exculpate is derived from Medieval Latin exculpātus and Latin exculptus, the perfect passive participle of exculpō, from ex- (prefix meaning ‘out, away’) + culpa (“defect, fault; crime”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp-).[2]
発音
形容詞
exculpatory (comparative more exculpatory, superlative most exculpatory)
- Tending to excuse or clear of wrongdoing.
- Synonyms: disculpatory, exonerative, vindicatory
- Antonyms: criminative, criminatory, incriminating, incriminatory, inculpatory, nonexculpatory
- 1737, “Information for His Majesty’s Advocate, and Mr. Hugh Forbes, Advocate, Procurator Fiscal of the High Court of Admiralty, against Thomas McAdam, and James Long, Pannels”, in Extract of the Proceedings before James Graham of Airth, Esq; Judge of the High Court of Admiralty in Scotland, in the Action at the Instance of Duncan Forbes, Esq; His Majesty’s Advocate, and Mr. Hugh Forbes, Advocate, Procurator Fiscal of the Said High Court, against Thomas McAdams Souldier, and James Long Corporal, in the Regiment of Foot Commanded by Colonel —— Hamilton. Laid before the House Pursuant to Their Lordship’s Order April 18, 1737, London: Printed by John Baskett, […], →OCLC, page 12:
- 1770 December 6, [John] Dunning, “Debate in the Commons on Serjeant [John] Glynn’s Motion for a Committee to Enquire into the Administration of Criminal Justice, and the Proceedings of the Judges in Westminster Hall, Particularly in Cases Relating to the Liberty of the Press, and the Constitutional Power and Duty of Juries”, in [William Cobbett], editor, The Parliamentary History of England, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803. […], volumes XVI (A.D. 1765–1771), London: Printed by T[homas] C[urson] Hansard, […] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown; [et al.], published 1813, →OCLC, column 1277:
- In the case of the King against Owen, the judge allowed the defendant to produce exculpatory evidence to the jury. In order to shew, that he had no malicious or traitorous intention in publishing the libel, with which he was charged, the court permitted him to plead, that during the rebellion, he had printed many papers in defence of the government and Hanoverian succession.
- 1794, “The Life of Pope”, in The Poetical Works of Alexander Pope, Esq. […], Edinburgh: Printed by Mundell and Son, […], →OCLC; republished in Robert Anderson, editor, The Works of the British Poets. […], volume VIII, London: Printed for John & Arthur Arch; and for Bell & Bradfute, and J. Mundell & Co. Edinburgh, 1795, →OCLC, page ix, column 2:
- 1803, [Charles Aldis], “Letter V”, in A Defence of the Character and Conduct of the Late Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, Founded on Principles of Nature and Reason, as Applied to the Peculiar Circumstances of Her Case; in a Series of Letters to a Lady, London: Printed for James Wallis, […], by Slatter and Munday, […], →OCLC, page 71:
- 1868, Alexander M[ansfield] Burrill, “Circumstantial Evidence, as an Instrument of Judicial Investigation”, in A Treatise on the Nature, Principles and Rules of Circumstantial Evidence, Especially that of the Presumptive Kind, in Criminal Cases, New York, N.Y.: Baker, Voorhis & Co. […], →OCLC, section II (The Facts Proved, Constituting the Materials of the Evidence, かつ Basis of Inference または Presumption), page 144:
- 1953 January, Gerald O. Dykstra, “The User of a Bank’s Night Depository Facilities”, in J. Philip Wernette, editor, Michigan Business Review, volume V, number I, Ann Arbor, Mich.: School of Business Administration, University of Michigan, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 20:
- Because the patronage is compulsory and bargaining strength is unequal, it is considered as against public policy to permit a professional bailee to accept fees for the safekeeping of goods and then by an exculpatory clause in the bailment contract to relieve itself of all liability—even for its own negligence.
- 2000, “The Emergence of National Socialism: Introduction”, in Neil Gregor, editor, Nazism (Oxford Readers), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 59:
- 2008, H. L. Pohlman, “Civilian Trials of High-profile Terrorists: U.S. v. Moussaoui”, in Terrorism and the Constitution: The Post-9/11 Cases, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, →ISBN, part II (Briefs Filed in Moussaoui), page 199:
- Although the government refused to permit videotaped depositions of the three detainees, it conceded in its brief to the Fourth Circuit that it had an obligation under the Due Process Clause to turn over to [Zacarias] Moussaoui any exculpatory evidence in its possession, including any written summaries of exculpatory statements made by the detainees to their interrogators.
派生語
- exculpatorily
- nonexculpatory
関連する語
- disculpate
- disculpation
- disculpatory
- exculpate
- exculpation
- exculpator
参照
- ^ “exculpatory, adj.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1894; “exculpatory, adj.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ Compare “exculpate, v.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1894; “exculpate, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
1
nonexculpatory
Wiktionary英語版
2
exculpative
Wiktionary英語版
3
exculpatorily
Wiktionary英語版
4
disculpatory
Wiktionary英語版
5
inculpatory
Wiktionary英語版
7
exonerative
Wiktionary英語版
8
Alan Gell
百科事典
9
excusive
Wiktionary英語版
10
Harvey v. Horan
百科事典
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