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意味・対訳 救い難い、みじめな、落ちぶれ果てた、卑しむべき、卑屈な、見下げ果てた
abjectの |
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Wiktionary英語版での「abject」の意味 |
abject
語源 1
PIE word |
---|
*h₂epó |
The adjective is derived from Late Middle English abiect, abject (“expelled, outcast, rejected, wretched”, adjective) [and other forms],[1] from Middle French abject (“worthy of utmost contempt または disgust, despicable, vile; of a person: brought low, cast down; of low social position”) (modern French abject, abjet (廃れた用法)), and from its etymon Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast or thrown aside; dejected, downcast; ordinary, undistinguished, unimportant; (by extension) base, sordid; despicable, vile; humble, low; subservient”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abiciō (“to discard, throw away または down; to cast または push away または aside; to abandon, give up; to belittle, degrade, humble; to lower, reduce; to overthrow, vanquish; to undervalue; to waste”), from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away; away from; from’) + iaciō (“to cast, hurl, throw, throw away”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)).[2][3]
The noun is derived from the adjective.[2]
発音
形容詞
abject (comparative abjecter または more abject, superlative abjectest または most abject)
- Existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state; contemptible, despicable, miserable. [from early 15th c.]
- 1592, Thomas Nash[e], Pierce Penilesse His Supplication to the Deuill. […], London: […] [John Charlewood for] Richard Ihones, […], OCLC 86095368; republished as J[ohn] Payne Collier, editor, Pierce Penniless’s Supplication to the Devil. […], London: […] [Frederic Shoberl, Jun.] for the Shakespeare Society, 1842, OCLC 1080805044, page 22:
- 1612, Michael Drayton, “The Twelfth Song”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] H[umphrey] L[ownes] for Mathew Lownes; I. Browne; I. Helme; I. Busbie, published 1613, OCLC 1049089293, pages 206–207:
- VVhen as thoſe fallovv Deere, and huge-hancht Stags that graz'd / Vpon her ſhaggy Heaths, the paſſenger amaz'd / To ſee their mighty Heards, vvith high-palmd heads to threat / The vvoods of o'regrovvne Oakes; as though they meant to ſet / Their hornes to th'others heights. / But novv, both thoſe and theſe / Are by vile gaine deuour'd: So abiect are our daies.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554, lines 305–313:
- [W]ith fierce Winds Orion arm'd / Hath vext the Red-Sea Coaſt, whoſe waves orethrew / Buſiris and his Memphian Chivalrie, / While with perfidious hatred they purſu'd / The Sojourners of Goſhen, who beheld / From the ſafe ſhore their floating Carkaſes / And broken Chariot Wheels, ſo thick beſtrown / Abject and loſt lay theſe, covering the Flood, / Under amazement of their hideous change.
- 1840 January, Thomas Babington Macaulay, “[Robert] Lord Clive. […]”, in Critical and Historical Essays, Contributed to the Edinburgh Review. […], volume III, 2nd edition, London: […] Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], published 1843, OCLC 4751104, page 119:
- The wide dominion of the Franks was severed into a thousand pieces. Nothing more than a nominal dignity was left to the abject heirs of an illustrious name, Charles the Bald, and Charles the Fat, and Charles the Simple.
- 2020 September 23, Ed Caesar, “The FinCEN Files Shed New Light on a Scandalous Episode at Deutsche Bank”, in The New Yorker[1], New York, N.Y.: New Yorker Magazine Inc., ISSN 0028-792X, OCLC 243417341, archived from the original on 16 March 2022:
- (by extension)
- (chiefly with a negative connotation) Complete; downright; utter.
- 1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter V, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, OCLC 1069526323, footnote, page 527:
- 1885, Robert Louis Stevenson; Fanny Van de Grift Stevenson, “Story of the Destroying Angel”, in More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., OCLC 459069717, page 45:
- I flung myself before him on my knees, and with floods of tears besought him to release me from this engagement, assuring him that my cowardice was abject, and that in every point of intellect and character I was his hopeless and derisible inferior.
- (rare) Lower than nearby areas; low-lying.
- (chiefly with a negative connotation) Complete; downright; utter.
- Of a person: cast down in hope or spirit; showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation; also, grovelling; ingratiating; servile. [from mid 14th c.]
- 1642, Tho[mas] Browne, “The Second Part”, in Religio Medici. […], 4th edition, London: […] E. Cotes for Andrew Crook […], published 1656, OCLC 927499620, section 7, pages 149–150:
- 1710 October 23 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison, “The Whig-Examiner: No. 5. Thursday, October 12. [1710.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, OCLC 1056445272, page 352:
- 1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], OCLC 946162345, page 202:
- To ſtrike any perſon, even in the moſt abject condition, was a thing in a manner unknown, and would be highly diſgraceful.
- 1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter III, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, OCLC 1069526323, page 405:
- Every rich and goodnatured lord was pestered by authors with a mendicancy so importunate, and a flattery so abject, as may in our time seem incredible.
- 1927, Countee Cullen, “From the Dark Tower”, in Copper Sun, New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers, OCLC 7850600, part 1 (Color); republished in James Weldon Johnson, editor, The Book of American Negro Poetry […], revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1931, OCLC 1298800855, page 228:
- We shall not always plant while others reap / The golden increment of bursting fruit, / Not always countenance, abject and mute / That lesser men should hold their brothers cheap; […]
- 1931 February 9, William Faulkner, chapter II, in Sanctuary (The Modern Library of the World’s Best Books; no. 61), New York, N.Y.: The Modern Library, published 1962, OCLC 6924141, page 12:
- Benbow watched Goodwin seat the old man in a chair, where he sat obediently with that tentative and abject eagerness of a man who has but one pleasure left and whom the world can reach only through one sense, for he was both blind and deaf: a short man with a bald skull and a round, full-fleshed, rosy face in which his cataracted eyes looked like two clots of phlegm.
派生語
関連する語
名詞
- A person in the lowest and most despicable condition; an oppressed person; an outcast; also, such people as a class. [from early 16th c.]
- c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene iii], column 1:
- For honour trauels in a ſtraight ſo narrovv, / VVhere one but goes a breaſt, keepe then the path: / […] if you giue vvay, / Or hedge aſide from the direct forth right; / Like to an entred Tyde, they all ruſh by, / And leaue you hindmoſt: / Or like a gallant Horſe falne in firſt ranke, / Lye there for pauement to the abiect, neere / Ore-run and trampled on: […]
- [1633], George Herbert, “The Sacrifice”, in [Nicholas Ferrar], editor, The Temple: Sacred Poems, and Private Ejaculations, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Thomas Buck and Roger Daniel; and are to be sold by Francis Green, […], OCLC 1048966979; reprinted London: Elliot Stock, […], 1885, OCLC 54151361, page 23:
- 1832, [Isaac Taylor], “The Third Heavens”, in Saturday Evening. […], London: Holdsworth and Ball, OCLC 2619891, page 414:
- Let us look then to the widely-severed ranks of an Asiatic empire.—There is first its wretched and vilified class, upon which the superincumbent structure of the social system presses so heavily as almost to crush existence; […] Shall these abjects—these victims—these outcasts, know any thing of pleasure?
語源 2
From Late Middle English abjecten (“to cast out, expel”) [and other forms],[4] from abiect, abject (adjective) (see etymology 1).[5]
Sense 3 (“of a fungus: to give off (spores または sporidia)”) is modelled after German abschleudern (“to give off forcefully”).[5]
発音
動詞
abject (三人称単数 現在形 abjects, 現在分詞 abjecting, 過去形および過去分詞形 abjected) (transitive, chiefly archaic)
- To cast off or out (someone または something); to reject, especially as contemptible or inferior. [from 15th c.]
- 1623, Iohn Speed [i.e., John Speed], “Elizabeth Queene of England, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. […]”, in The Historie of Great Britaine vnder the Conqvests of the Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Iohn Beale, for George Hvmble, […], OCLC 150671135, book 9, paragraph 104, page 1180, column 1:
- 2001, Le’a Kent, “Fighting Abjection: Representing Fat Women”, in Jana Evans Braziel and Kathleen LeBesco, editors, Bodies out of Bounds: Fatness and Transgression, Berkeley; Los Angeles, Calif.; London: University of California Press, →ISBN, part I (Revaluing Corpulence, Redefining Fat Subjectivities), page 141:
- To cast down (someone または something); to abase; to debase; to degrade; to lower; also, to forcibly impose obedience or servitude upon (someone); to subjugate. [from 15th c.]
- a. 1632, John Donne, “Sermon IX. Preached on Candlemas Day.”, in Henry Alford, editor, The Works of John Donne, D.D., […], volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], published 1839, OCLC 151169612, page 182:
- What phrases of abjecting themselves, in respect of the prince, can exceed David's humble expressing of himself to Saul?
- (mycology) Of a fungus: to (forcibly) give off (spores または sporidia).
派生語
参照
- ^ “abject, ppl.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “abject, adj. and n.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2021
- ^ “abject, adj.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
- ^ “abjecten, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Compare “abject, v.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2021.
Further reading
- Philip Babcock Gove (editor), Webster's Third International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (G. & C. Merriam Co., 1976 [1909], →ISBN), page 4
- Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], →ISBN), page 3
- Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief; William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abject”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 5.
Weblio例文辞書での「abject」に類似した例文 |
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abject
はき出す
to disturb something
to hit something
to lead a fast, frivolous and dissipated life
邪推すること
the action of suspecting someone unjustly
「abject」を含む例文一覧
該当件数 : 32件
abject pusillanimity発音を聞く例文帳に追加
みじめな小心 - 日本語WordNet
abject or cringing submissiveness発音を聞く例文帳に追加
卑屈な、へつらう服従 - 日本語WordNet
He is in abject poverty―in the direst poverty―in utter destitution―as poor as a church-mouse―no better than a beggar.発音を聞く例文帳に追加
赤貧洗うが如し - 斎藤和英大辞典
He is in abject poverty―in utter destitution―in the direst want 【イディオム・格言的には:】“as poor as a church-mouse.”発音を聞く例文帳に追加
赤貧洗うが如し - 斎藤和英大辞典
He is in abject poverty―in the utmost need―in the utmost want―in extreme distress―in the utmost straits―in utter destitution.発音を聞く例文帳に追加
彼は困窮の極みに達している - 斎藤和英大辞典
We expected nothing less than an abject apology.発音を聞く例文帳に追加
少なくとも平身低頭の謝罪が当然くるものと思っていた. - 研究社 新英和中辞典
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