Externalityとは 意味・読み方・使い方

Because of the economies of scale and network externality elements of telecommunications, the industry was long considered to have a strong tendency toward natural monopoly, and services were provided in many countries by private-sector monopolies or state run enterprises.例文帳に追加

電気通信事業は、規模の経済やネットワーク外部性が存在することから、「自然独占」性の強い産業と長らく考えられ、多くの国において民間の独占企業または国営企業によるサービスの提供が行われてきた。 - 経済産業省

That is, both system analysis and new spatial economics that deal with agglomerations focus on events that are classified as derivate phenomena in typical neoclassical theories, or that would not fall into their scope of analysis in the first place, such as strategic behavior, asymmetric information, economies of scale (in the broad sense), externality, path dependency, lock-in, and self-organization Nobody would dispute that economic growth is one of the most important objectives of economic policy.例文帳に追加

経済政策の目標の中で最も重要なものの１つとして、経済成長を挙げることに異論はなかろう。 - 経済産業省

As for a carbon tax in particular, among environmental taxes, conventionally external expenses are internalized by the method of direct taxation against the emissions of carbon dioxide, that is, it has a role of correcting the failure of a market, where an environmental burden is not considered so far in a market economy because of the externality against environmental pollutions.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

環境税のうち特に炭素税については、二酸化炭素排出に対して直接課税を行う手法により、それまでの外部費用を内部化し、つまり従来は環境汚染に対する外部性ために市場経済の中で環境負荷が考慮されなかった市場の失敗を補正する役割を担うものである。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The U.S. dollar, on the other hand, has remained the dominant currency in trade and investment activities in Asia. It is a currency supported by deep and liquid financial markets in the U.S. and its strong and competitive financial sector, and confidence in the U.S. Economy. Inertia and so-called “network externality” have also contributed to the wider use of the U.S. dollar, since a currency becomes more convenient for its users as it becomes used more widely.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

ただし、米国の深く流動的な金融市場、強力な金融セクター、米国経済への信認に支えられたドルは、そのネットワーク外部性（他人が使うことにより更にその利便性が増すこと）や慣性もあって、アジア域内の貿易や投資でも圧倒的なウェイトを占めてきた。 - 財務省

Furthermore, in each of the committees established within the board of directors (the nominating committee, the compensation committee and the audit committee), more than half of the directors are required to be outside directors, thereby guaranteeing a fair degree of externality. Furthermore, since an audit committee, which conducts audits under the "Company with Committees" system, is placed in the board of directors, consequently it has wide-ranging authority, including audit of not only issues of legality but also appropriateness.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

また、取締役会に設置される、指名委員会・報酬委員会・監査委員会の各委員会については、それを構成する取締役の過半数が社外取締役でなければならないとされており、相当程度の社外性が担保されている。さらに、委員会設置会社制度の下で監査を行う監査委員会は、取締役会に設置されていることから、違法性の監査に加えて妥当性の監査にも幅広い権限が及ぶこととなる。 - 金融庁