finitimusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Derived from fīnis (“boundary; limit”) +‎ -timus (also spelled -tumus), from Proto-Indo-European *-(t)m̥mos. Compare lēgitimus, maritimus.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [fiːˈnɪ.tɪ.mʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [fiˈniː.ti.mus]

形容詞

fīnitimus (feminine fīnitima, neuter fīnitimum); first/second-declension adjective [with dative ‘to something or someone’ or in absolute use]

1. bordering upon, adjoining, adjacent, neighbouring; close, near

   Synonyms: vīcīnus, propinquus, contiguus, proximus, conterminus

   Antonyms: remōtus, longinquus

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 1.10:

     Caesari renuntiatur Helvetiis esse in animo per agrum Sequanorum et Haeduorum iter in Santonum fines facere […] Id si fieret, intellegebat magno cum periculo provinciae futurum ut homines bellicosos, populi Romani inimicos, locis patentibus maximeque frumentariis finitimos haberet.

     It was reported to Caesar "the Helvetii intend to travel through the country of the Sequani and Aedui to the land of the Santoni" […] He understood in what great danger the province would be in were this to happen, having close by warlike people, enemies of the Roman people, in open country and the most fertile land.

   • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horatius, Carmina 3.24.36–40:

     [quid] si neque fervidis / pars inclusa caloribus / mundi nec Boreae finitimum latus
     durataeque solo nives / mercatorem abigunt

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   1. (Ciceronianism, figurative) related, closely linked
      • 84 BCE, Cicero, De inventione 2.165:

        Propter se autem vitanda sunt non ea modo, quae his contraria sunt, ut fortitudini ignavia et iustitiae iniustitia, verum etiam illa, quae propinqua videntur et finitima esse. […] Sic uni cuique virtuti finitimum vitium reperietur, aut certo iam nomine appellatum, ut audacia, quae fidentiae, pertinacia, quae perseverantiae finitima est, […]

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 43 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Brutum 156:

        […] ; simul illud gaudeo, quod et aequalitas vestra et pares honorum gradus et artium studiorumque quasi finitima vicinitas tantum abest ab obtrectatione et invidia, quae solet lacerare plerosque, ut ea non modo non exulcerare vestram gratiam, sed etiam conciliare videatur.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (relative adjective) concerning or originating from neighbouring people

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

3. (nominalized, plural only, masculine) men living on or over one's border, neighbors; their people as a whole

   Near-synonym: vīcīnī

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 1.2:

     Hīs rēbus fīēbat ut et minus lātē vagārentur et minus facile fīnitimīs bellum īnferre possent; quā ex parte hominēs bellandī cupidī magnō dolōre adficiēbantur.

     As a result of these things, it happened that they both wandered less widely and were less easily able to wage war upon their neighbors; for this reason, the men eager for war were afflicted with great distress.

   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 1.29–30:

     scīlicet arma magis quam sīdera, Rōmule, nōrās,
     cūraque fīnitimōs vincere maior erat.

     In good truth, Romulus, thou wast better acquainted with arms than with the stars, and thy greater care was to conquer thy neighbours.
     (Henry T. Riley, trans.: 1851 CE)

4. (Late Latin) (of an event) imminent; coming to an end
   • c. 490 CE – 544 CE, Arator, De actibus apostolorum 2.1206–1209:

     Mensibus hibernis tribus in regione Melite
     Multiplicem dat Paulus opem, Publiique parentem
     Finitima de clade levat, quo munere viso
     Undique praecipites subitam rapuere salutem.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

関連する語

派生した語

• → Italian: finitimo
• → Portuguese: finítimo
• → Spanish: finítimo

参照

• Joseph Henry Allen and James Bradstreet Greenough (1903), “New Latin Grammar”, in Perseus Digital Library‎
• Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), “A Dictionary of the Latin Language”, in Alatius‎
• Michael Weiss (2009), “Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin, page 118”, in Internet Archive‎
• Michael Weiss (2009), “Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin, page 286”, in Internet Archive‎
• “finitimus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “finitimus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “finitimus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• finitimus, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
• "finitimus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be contiguous, adjacent to a country: finitimum esse terrae