holocaustとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Ellipsis of Jewish holocaust.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈhɒləkɔːst/
• (Standard Southern British, General Australian) IPA: /ˈhɔləkoːst/
• (米国発音)
  • (without the cot–caught merger) IPA: /ˈhoʊləkɔst/, /ˈhɑləkɔst/
  • (cot–caught merger) IPA: /ˈhoʊləkɑst/, /ˈhɑləkɑst/
• (New Zealand) IPA: /ˈhɒləkoːst/, [ˈhɔ̟ləkoːst]
• (Scotland) IPA: /ˈhɔləkɔst/

固有名詞

the Holocaust (usually uncountable, plural Holocausts)

1. (historical, strictly) The systematic mass murder (genocide) of an estimated six million European Jews perpetrated by Nazi Germany during World War II.

   Synonym: Shoah

   • 2025 June 5, Grace Gilson, “Boulder’s ‘shocked and traumatized’ Jewish community takes stock of losses and strengths”, in The Times of Israel‎:

     Among Soloway’s congregants injured in the attack was Barbara Steinmetz, an 88-year-old Holocaust survivor who has become one of the most poignant symbols of the attack.

2. (historical, loosely, less common) The systematic mass murder (democide) perpetrated by Nazi Germany of somewhere between eleven and fourteen million people they considered subhuman, namely six million Jews and from five to eight million others (including Romanis, Slavs, homosexuals, and people with physical and mental disabilities).
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:Holocaust.

使用する際の注意点

• Whether the term "Holocaust" is a designation for the mass murder of all groups systematically targeted by the Nazis, or only the genocide of six million Jews, is contested.
• The genocide of the European Jews may be unambiguously referred to as the Shoah (though in English, that word is chiefly used by Jews). The genocide of the Romani people has the specific designation Porajmos.

同意語

• (genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany): Shoah
• the Nazi genocide

上位語

• (genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany): holocaust, genocide, mass murder
• (organized mass murder of people of any ethnicity): holocaust, democide, mass murder

下位語

• (genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany): Shoah
• (mass murder of homosexuals by Nazi Germany): Homocaust
• (genocide of Roma by Nazi Germany): Porajmos (the genocide of the Roma)

派生語

派生した語

• Tok Pisin: Holokos

動詞

Holocaust (third-person singular simple present Holocausts, present participle Holocausting, simple past and past participle Holocausted)

1. Alternative letter-case form of holocaust (“subject to a mass annihilation; destroy en masse”).

参考

• The Holocaust on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• at Wikipedia: Nazi persecution of Romanis (Porajmos), Catholics, Jehovah's Witnesses, blacks, Poles, Soviet prisoners-of-war, and homosexuals
• concentration camp
• ethnic cleansing
• final solution
• Meds Yeghern

参照