「荘園制度」に関連した英語例文の一覧と使い方 - Weblio英語例文検索

昔の荘園制という制度下で,荘園の事務を取り扱い,年貢を徴収する役職例文帳に追加

under the former manorial system in Japan, a managerial post the responsibilities of which included the handling of business matters concerning the manor as well as to the collection of annual taxes  - EDR日英対訳辞書

そして、この制度により地頭は荘園・公領の事実上の支配権を握った。例文帳に追加

Taking advantage of this system, land stewards came to establish effective control of manors and imperial territories.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

その結果、宋代の荘園の内実は零細な土地片の集積を便宜上荘園としているに過ぎず、地主と佃戸は自由人間の契約関係に基づく小作制度によって経営されていたとするものである。例文帳に追加

As a result, shoens during the Sung dynasty, in fact, just regarded the collection of small lands as shoens for convenience and the owners and the denkos established contractual relationships as free men and based on it, shoens were managed by the tenancy system.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

残存していた荘園制度等の旧制度が急速に崩壊し始めると、新しい価値観を身につけた勢力が登場した。例文帳に追加

As remaining outdated systems, including the manorial system, began to collapse quickly, social powers having new values came to the fore.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

やがて荘園制度が崩壊すると入浴料をとるようになり、これが本格的な銭湯の始まりと言われている。例文帳に追加

Eventually, once the manorial system had collapsed, such temples and shrines started to charge bathing fees, and it's said that this was the origina of the full-fledged sento.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

このあたりは地理的には丹波国に属し、荘園制度があった頃から、このあたりに人が住み着いて山稼ぎをして生計を立てていたという。例文帳に追加

Geographically, this area belonged to Tanba Province and it is said that since the manorial system people lived here earning their livelihood by logging and hunting.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

李氏朝鮮成立の過程で土地制度の改革が行われ、科田制及び職田制が導入され、多くの既存荘園が没収されていった。例文帳に追加

During the formation process of the Yi Dynasty Korea, the land system was reformed, the rank-land system (kwajonbop) and the "office land" (chikchon) system were introduced and lots of existing manors were confiscated.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

地下請（じげうけ）とは、中世日本の村落が、荘園・国衙領への年貢徴収を領主から請け負っていた制度。例文帳に追加

Jigeuke was a system in which village communities of medieval Japan undertook the task of feudal lords to collect nengu (land tax) to be paid to shoen (manor in medieval Japan) or Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

名田の制度は、11世紀ごろから、当時一円化して領域性を高めた荘園にも採用・吸収されていく。例文帳に追加

In the 11th century, the myoden system was also imported and adopted to manors whose territory had been enhanced because of consolidation around that time.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

彼らから確実に収取するためにも、在家制度が導入されたのである（反対に荘園側でも同様の賦課を行った）。例文帳に追加

One of the purposes of introducing the zaike system was to make sure of those farmers' tax payment, and similar tax imposition was begun in the shoen.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

旧来の荘園体制や室町幕府の制度をそのまま引き継いでしまったため、極めて脆弱なものだった。例文帳に追加

Because the Miyoshi government succeeded the previous shoen (manor) system and the system of the Muromachi bakufu, their economic structure was extremely vulnerable.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

「家司」という言葉は荘園制が解体に向かった室町時代頃に公家における政所制度とともにほとんど用いられなくなる。例文帳に追加

The term 'Keishi' was hardly used along with the Mandokoro system in the nobility in the Muromachi Period, when the manorialism was going to dissolve.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

1069年荘園整理令を発布して記録荘園券契所を設置し、1070年には絹布の制、1072年には延久宣旨枡や估価估価法の制定等、律令制度の形骸化により弱体化した皇室の経済基盤の強化を図った。例文帳に追加

In 1069, the Decree Restricting the Expansion of Private Estates was issued and a contract office to record estates was established, followed by the issuance of the silk fabric regulation in 1070 and the setting of the Enkyu measuring cup by the Emperor's order; the official measuring cup and the price regulation were established in 1072, and the Emperor tried to build a strong financial base for the Imperial Court, which had been destabilized due to the system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo codes and had become a mere facade.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

こうした中で国司側に残された田地も国衙領として実質上は国家（朝廷及び公家政権）の荘園となり、これを基礎とした院宮分国・知行国制度も確立された。例文帳に追加

In this way, rice fields which remained to the kokushi turned into de facto national estates (owned by the imperial court or the kuge [imperial] regime), and the 'ingu bunkoku sei' (provincial allotment system) and the 'chigyokoku seido' (possessory provinces system) were established on the basis of such national estates.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また、幕府も荘園制度の解体や守護の権力強化は望ましいとは考えておらず、朝廷や寺社との対立をしてまで、有力守護大名に対して度々掣肘を加えている。例文帳に追加

Moreover, the shogunate did not think it was appropriate to dismantle the manorial system or strengthen the power of the shugo, and this often disturbed powerful shugo daimyo despite the opposition of the Imperial Court, temples and shrines.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

院政期は律令制に代わり、院を頂点とした主従制的関係が形成され、官職や土地を恩給として臣下に与えて奉仕させるようになり、知行国・荘園制度が確立していった時期だった。例文帳に追加

The cloistered government took the place of the Ritsuryo system, developing lord-vassal relationships with the cloistered Emperor at the apex, and making subordinates work in exchange for positions and land as rewards, and was a period when the system of custodial provinces and shoen were established.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

更に律令制の弛緩は勧学田の荘園化による喪失を招き、これに対して大学寮向けの出挙制度の整備などの措置が取られたものの十分とは言えず、大学寮財政を圧迫する事になる。例文帳に追加

The relaxation of the Ritsuryo system also forced Daigaku-ryo to lose its kangakuden, which was changed into Shoen (manors in medieval Japan), and put a strain on its finances, despite rescue measures targeting Daigaku-ryo, such as the offering of suiko (government loans, often seed rice, made to peasants in Japan from the 7th through 12th centuries), because they were not sufficient.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

代銭納（だいせんのう）とは、中世日本の荘園・国衙領・武家領などにおいて、公事や年貢、地子などの納入を現物に代わって貨幣で納入する制度。例文帳に追加

The term Daisenno means the system of paying kuji (public service), nengu (tribute), and/or jishi (land tax) in cash, instead of in kind, that was introduced in medieval Japan at the shoen (manor), kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office), and/or bukeryo (territories of samurai family).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

鎌倉時代以後、荘園領主は荘官あるいは地頭、土倉などに現地における管理一切を任せて、定額の年貢納入を請負わせる制度が行われた。例文帳に追加

After the Kamakura period, the lord of the manor entrusted shokan (an officer governing shoen), jito (manager and lord of manor), doso (pawnbrokers and moneylenders) and so on, with the total management of shoen to collect fixed land tax.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

不入の権による警察権排除の動きは、検断権が幕府に移った後でも「守護不入」の形で主張・権利化され、戦国大名による荘園制度解体まで続くことになった。例文帳に追加

The movement towards eliminating policing rights by funyu no ken was advocated and was made into a privilege even after policing rights were transferred to the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as 'Shugo funyu' (the right to keep shugo [provincial constable] from entering the property) and this continued until the shoen system was eliminated by the Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

しかし、江戸時代にはいって、荘園が取上げられ寺請制度の一翼を担わなかったこともあって、衰退がすすみ、明治時代にはいると大きな勢力を誇っていた子院の東南院(奈良市)も滅んだ。例文帳に追加

However, during the Edo period, Todai-ji Temple declined even further since the bakufu deprived the Temple of its manors, and the Temple was not integrated into the bakufu system of governance using temples, subsequently in the Meiji period, Tonan-in Temple, an influential branch temple (in Nara City) was ruined.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

ここに荘園制度を完全に崩壊し、石高制による近世的土地所有を実現し、農民には耕作権を認めるとともに年貢を納める義務を負わせるとともに、大名には所領をあてがうとともに、改易や国替を可能とした。例文帳に追加

With the complete collapse of the manorial system, early-modern land holding based on the Kokudaka system was granted, and peasants assumed obligations to pay nengu in return for the right to cultivate, while the daimyo obtained territories in exchange for Kaieki (to forfeit rank of samurai and properties) and Kunigae (to transfer a daimyo from one fief to another).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

荘園領主はこうした事案（所務沙汰）について幕府へ訴訟を起こしたが、意外にも領主側が勝訴し、地頭側が敗訴する事案が多くあった（幕府の訴訟制度が公平性を確保していたことを表している）。例文帳に追加

The lords of shoens filed a suit to the bakufu on these incidents (shomusata, trial dealing with land-related issues), but surprisingly there were many cases where the side of the lords of shoens won a lawsuit and the side of the jitos lost (which means that the fairness of the bakufu's litigation system was secured).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

五代には貴族層が没落し、宋(王朝)初には科挙制度が整備される一方で武人の勢力が抑圧されるようになったために、地方の豪族から官僚が生み出され、その庇護によって当人及び一族の荘園が発展するという構図が描かれるようになった。例文帳に追加

During the Five Dynasties period the class of aristocrats was impoverished and during the early Sung dynasty, while kakyo system (the Imperial Examination System) was streamlined, the strength of warriors was oppressed and so the bureaucracy was born from the local ruling families, who protected the bureaucrats to develop the shoens for them and their families.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

古代においては自前の神田・寺田に加え、律令国家によって給付された封戸や墾田開発によって成立した初期荘園が寺社の大きな収入源であった（一部の大寺院・大神社には造寺司や神郡の制度もあった）。例文帳に追加

In ancient times, in addition to shinden (also referred to as kanda; land held by a shrine) and jiden (also referred to as terada; land held by a temple), fuko (households of temples and shrines) granted by the Ritsuryo state (state based on ritsuryo code in the seventh century) and the early time shoen (estate) which was established by konden (development of fallow land or creation of new rice paddies) were the main source of income for the temples and shrines (Some big temples and shrines had systems such as zojishi (officials responsible for building temples, and shingun - also referred to as kamikoori; deity district).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

御成敗式目では国司や荘園本所、地頭などの支配下にある名主・百姓がその許可なくして鎌倉幕府に直接訴えを起こすことを禁じる従来通りの越訴の禁止を定める一方で、再審制度としての越訴が導入された。例文帳に追加

The Goseibai shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai) banned conventional osso in which nanushi (headmen of a village) or peasants ruled by a kokushi (provincial governor), a shoen honjo (lord of a manor), a jito (agent in charge of a lord's manor) and so on made a direct appeal to the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) without their master's permission, while an osso as a retrial regulation was introduced.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

これは小作制度というよりも中世荘園制度のインドへの導入に近く、従来は古代には収穫物の6分の1、デリー・スルタン朝時代以後でも収穫物の3分の1の徴収であったものが定額かつ高額な地税を現金による納付となり、なおかつ徴収実務は領主・地主に任されていたために、農民は農奴に近い状況に置かれた。例文帳に追加

This was the introduction of India to medieval manorialism rather than the tenancy system and traditionally one-sixth of harvests in ancient times and one-third of them after the Dehli Sultanate period were levied, but the taxes on land were paid with fixed and expensive amounts of cash money and the lords and landowners undertook tax collection work and thus the farmers were put in a situation which was similar to that of serfs.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

だが、16世紀末から17世紀初めにかけて起きた壬辰倭乱・丁酉倭乱・丁卯胡乱・丙子胡乱の4つの戦乱によって職田制が崩壊し、17世紀後半には免税特権を国家から与えられた宮荘や屯庄が設置されるとともに土地売買の制約が一層緩くなり、荘園制度は最盛期を迎えた。例文帳に追加

However, by the four wars of Jinshin waran (the Bunroku War in Korean), the Japanese Invasion in 1597, the First Manchu invasion of Korea and the Second Manchu invasion of Korea, the "office land" (chikchon) system collapsed and during the late seventeenth century, kyuso or tonsho which were given the privilege of tax exemption from the nation were set up and the constraints on the purchase and sale of land were increasingly loosened and the shoen system culminated.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

この御家人制は平安時代以降の土地制度である荘園公領制に立脚した守護地頭制に由来し、御家人に対して先祖伝来の所領の地頭に任命する本領安堵、また武功に対して新たに地頭に人目し所領を与える新恩給与による御恩を受ける代わりに鎌倉殿の課す軍役や京都大番役、鎌倉番役を課す奉公によって成立している。例文帳に追加

The lower-ranking vassal system originated from the Shugo and Jito system based on shoen koryo sei (system of public lands and private estates) which was the land system after the Heian period, and it consisted of honryo-ando (acknowledgment for inherited estate) where gokenin were appointed to Jito of the territory inherited from the ancestor and military service imposed by Kamakura-dono or the service of Kyoto obanyaku (a job to guard Kyoto) and Kamakura Banyaku (guards of Kamakura), instead of giving a favor by shinon-kyuyo (granting new domains) where Jito was newly given a territory for their deed of valor.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

荘園制の崩壊や統一政権の樹立によって寺院の自治機能が解体され、集会も近世期には寺院内の評議機関の1つに過ぎなくなるが、こうした寺院における集会と中世・近世における合議制による意思決定機能を有した「○○衆」と呼ばれる組織や惣村や都市などに見られる自治など、前近代の日本における自治制度の成立と結びつける考え方もある。例文帳に追加

The demise of the shoen system (manorialism) and the establishment of a unified authority collapsed the autonomy function of the temples and during the early-modern times shue became just a council institution in the temples, but the autonomy as seen in the shue in such temples, in the organization called "XXX shu" which had the decision making function by the council system, in the soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) and in the city during the medieval and the modern period, which, some thought, were linked with the formation of the system of autonomy during the early-modern times in Japan.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス