英和和英

発音

• (non-rhotic)
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /fəˈbɪd/, [fəˈbɪd]
• (rhotic)
  • (General American) IPA: /fɚˈbɪd/, [fɚˈbɪd] ~ [fɹ̩ˈbɪd]
• 韻: -ɪd
• ハイフネーション: for‧bid

動詞

forbid (third-person singular simple present forbids, present participle forbidding, simple past forbade or forbad or (nonstandard) forbidded or forbid, past participle forbidden)

1. (transitive) To disallow; to proscribe.

   Smoking in the restaurant is forbidden.

   • 1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:

     […] the Mole recollected that animal-etiquette forbade any sort of comment on the sudden disappearance of one's friends at any moment, for any reason or no reason whatever.

   • 1998, Robert Garland, Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks, Greenwood Press, →ISBN, page 8:

     Solon also forbade the export of corn and other agricultural products, with the single exception of olive oil, of which Athens had a surplus.

2. (ditransitive) To deny, exclude from, or warn off, by express command.
   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

     Have I not forbid her my house?

3. (transitive) To oppose, hinder, or prevent, as if by an effectual command.

   An impassable river forbids the approach of the army.

   • 1687, [John Dryden], “(please specify the page number)”, in The Hind and the Panther. A Poem, in Three Parts, 2nd edition, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:

     a blaze of glory that forbids the sight

4. (transitive, obsolete) To accurse; to blast.
   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

     He shall live a man forbid.

5. (transitive, obsolete) To defy; to challenge.

   What part of "no" do you forbid to understand?

   • 1598, Lancelot Andrewes, sermon preached in the Parish Church of St. Giles without Cripplegate, London:

     So there is a resemblance between the partie that here gives licence to come to the tree of life, and the other that forbid to come to it. The one threatned with a sword; the other promiseth to the persons that keep the condition here expressed

使用する際の注意点

• Especially when talking about a person, the expression is not allowed to is much more common than the very formal is forbidden to/is forbidden from.
• This is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive or the gerund (-ing) when the person is mentioned from whom something is forbidden, and it takes the gerund (-ing) when such a person is not mentioned. See Appendix:English catenative verbs. Examples:
  • The management forbids employees from smoking/to smoke in the office. (Active; those subject to prohibition are identified)
  • Employees are forbidden from smoking/to smoke in the office. (Passive; those subject to prohibition are identified)
  • The management forbids smoking in the office. (Active; those subject to prohibition are not identified)
  • Smoking in the office is forbidden. (Passive; those subject to prohibition are not identified)
• Regarding the simple past, the form "forbade" is more commonly used in print than "forbad".

同意語

• prohibit
• disallow
• ban
• veto
• See also Thesaurus:prohibit

派生語

参照

• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “forbid”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “forbid”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.