cogとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English cogge, from Old Norse [Term?] (compare Norwegian kugg (“cog”), Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog, tooth”)), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare Dutch kogge (“cogboat”), German Kock), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”).

The meaning of “cog” in carpentry derives from association with a tooth on a cogwheel.

名詞

cog (複数形 cogs)

1. A tooth on a gear.
2. A gear; a cogwheel.
3. An unimportant individual in a greater system.
   • 1976, Norman Denny (English translation), Victor Hugo (original French), Les Misérables

     ‘There are twenty-five of us, but they don’t reckon I’m worth anything. I’m just a cog in the machine.’

   • 1988, David Mamet, Speed-the-Plow

     Your boss tells you “take initiative,” you best guess right—and you do, then you get no credit. Day-in, … smiling, smiling, just a cog.

4. (carpentry) A projection or tenon at the end of a beam designed to fit into a matching opening of another piece of wood to form a joint.
5. (mining) One of the rough pillars of stone or coal left to support the roof of a mine.

派生語

動詞

cog (三人称単数 現在形 cogs, 現在分詞 cogging, 過去形および過去分詞形 cogged)

1. To furnish with a cog or cogs.
2. (intransitive) Of an electric motor or generator, to snap preferentially to certain positions when not energized.

語源 2

From Middle English cogge, from Middle Dutch kogge, cogghe (modern kogge), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare German Kock (“cogboat”), Norwegian kugg (“cog (gear tooth)”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”). See etymology 1 above.

名詞

cog (複数形 cogs)

1. (historical) A clinker-built, flat-bottomed, square-rigged mediaeval ship of burden, or war with a round, bulky hull and a single mast, typically 15 to 25 meters in length.
   • 1952, C. S. Lewis, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader:

     The name of the ship was Dawn Treader. She was only a little bit of a thing compared with one of our ships, or even with the cogs, dromonds, carracks and galleons which Narnia had owned when Lucy and Edmund had reigned there under Peter as the High King, for nearly all navigation had died out in the reigns of Caspian's ancestors.

2. (by extension) A small fishing boat.

語源 3

Uncertain. Both verb and noun appear first in 1532.

名詞

cog (複数形 cogs)

1. A trick or deception; a falsehood.
   • 1602, William Watson, Quodlibets Religious and State:

     False suggestions, shamelesse cogs, and impious forgeries.

動詞

cog (三人称単数 現在形 cogs, 現在分詞 cogging, 過去形および過去分詞形 cogged)

1. To load (a die) so that it can be used to cheat.
2. To cheat; to play or gamble fraudulently.
   • 1726, Jonathan Swift (debated), Molly Mog

     For guineas in other men's breeches, / Your gamesters will palm and will cog.

3. To seduce, or draw away, by adulation, artifice, or falsehood; to wheedle; to cozen; to cheat.
   • c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     I'll mountebank their loves,
     Cog their hearts from them.

4. To plagiarize.
   • 1979, Tri-Quarterly, number 46-47, page 273:

     […] his themes and exercises were in constant demand for what we called cogging and American students rather grandly called plagiarization. Shakespeare and Eliot plagiarized; we grimly cogged in the early morning-oh, […]

   • 2006, Verve: The Spirit of Today's Woman, volume 14, number 4-6, page 51:

     Coming to journalism, how many of us have not been guilty at some stage of 'cogging' from other articles, […]

   • 1879, Dennis O'Sullivan, The Stirring Adventures of Corp'l Morgan Rattler‎^[1], F. Tousey, →OCLC, page 8:

     I wasn't able to translate two verses in Virgil or Homer , without “ cogging " from some fellow - student ; but I was eternally repeating passages from the poems of Byron , Moore , and Scott ; while I gloried in the soul - stirring ...

5. To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception; to palm off.

   to cog in a word

   • October 3, 1718, John Dennis, letter to S. T. , Esq; On the Deceitfulness of Rumour

     Fustian tragedies […] have […] been cogg'd upon the town for Master-pieces.

名詞

cog (複数形 cogs)

1. Alternative form of cogue (“wooden vessel for milk”)

アナグラム

• CGO, OGC