duellumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [duˈɛl.lũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [duˈɛl.lum]

In Plautus, who uses this form occasionally as an archaizing alternative to bellum, duel- generally scans as a single syllable, implying a pronunciation with the original cluster /dw/. However, in Amphitryon 189 (quoted below), if the manuscripts are not corrupt, the scansion with /du/ may occur (du.ël.lo‿ex.stinc.to). But an alternative explanation is that this line starts with dvel.lo.ex.stinc.to, with hiatus rather than elision of the final -o.

The innovative pronunciation with /du/ occurs in Ennius' Annales ("Hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis") and in the works of subsequent poets such as Ovid, Horace, and Statius.

名詞

duellum n (genitive duellī); second declension

1. (poetic, Old Latin) war
   • c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi prologus.0.67–68, (iambic senarius):

     Abeo. Valete, iudices iustissimi / domi duellique duellatores optumi.

     • Translation by Henry Thomas Riley

       Fare ye well, at home, most upright judges, and in warfare most valiant combatants.

   • c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitryon 1.1.188–189, (iambic octonarius):

     Victores victis hostibus legiones reveniunt domum,
     duello exstincto maximo atque internecatis hostibus.

     Victorious, the enemy vanquished, our legions are returning home,
     with a mighty war brought to an end and all the enemy slain.

2. (Medieval Latin) combat between two contenders, duel

   Synonyms: certamen, rixa, certatus, dimicatio

   Mors et vita duello conflixere mirando.

   Death and life have contended in a marvelous combat.

   (from the Easter Sequence)

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter), with locative.

The locative form duellī occurred as an archaic alternative to bellī with the same sense of "at war", "in wartime"; this form is found in the works of Plautus.

同意語

• bellum

派生語

派生した語

参考

• bellum

参照

Further reading

• “duellum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “duellum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "duellum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “duellum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.