scoutとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English scout, scoult, from Old French escoute (“action of listening”), verbal noun from escouter (“to listen, heed”), from Latin auscultare (“to listen”). The verb comes from the noun.^[1]

名詞

scout (複数形 scouts)

1. A person sent out to gain and bring in tidings; especially, one employed in war to gain information about the enemy and ground.

   Synonyms: (廃れた用法) espial, (廃れた用法) espy

2. An act of scouting or reconnoitering.
   • 1782, William Cowper, “The Cricket”, in Poems, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], OCLC 1029672464:

     while the rat is on the scout

3. A member of any number of youth organizations belonging to the international scout movement, such as the Boy Scouts of America or Girl Scouts of the United States.
4. A person who assesses and/or recruits others; especially, one who identifies promising talent on behalf of a sports team.
   • 2018 January 1, Donald McRae, “The Guardian footballer of the year 2017: Juan Mata”, in the Guardian‎^[1]:

     We have met twice this year and, during our first interview, Mata spoke evocatively when remembering how, having joined Real Oviedo aged 10 in 1998, he was given a previously unimaginable opportunity. Mata sat in a car park in 2003, when he was 14, and watched his father talking to a Real Madrid scout.

5. A person employed to monitor rivals' activities in the petroleum industry.
6. (Oxford University, modern) A housekeeper or domestic cleaner, generally female, employed by one of the constituent colleges of Oxford University to clean rooms; generally equivalent to a modern bedder at Cambridge University.
7. (Oxford University, Harvard University, Yale University, historical) A domestic servant, generally male, who would attend (usually several) students in a variety of ways, including cleaning; generally equivalent to a gyp at Cambridge University or a skip at Trinity College, Dublin.
   • 1859–1861, [Thomas Hughes], chapter I, in Tom Brown at Oxford: […], (please specify |part=1 または 2), Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, published 1861, OCLC 2753050:

     He has also been good enough to recommend to me many tradesmen who are ready to supply these articles in any quantities; each of whom has been here already a dozen times, cap in hand, and vowing that it is quite immaterial when I pay—which is very kind of them; but, with the highest respect for friend Perkins (my scout) and his obliging friends, I shall make some enquiries before "letting in" with any of them.

8. (UK, cricket) A fielder in a game for practice.
9. (historical, UK, up until 1920s) A fighter aircraft.
10. (radiography) A preliminary image that allows the technician to make adjustments before the actual diagnostic images.
    • 2012, Ella A. Kazerooni, ‎Baskaran Sundaram, Imaging of Lung Cancer, page 937:

      A scout topogram is initially performed during continuous table motion, generating an anatomic overview image similar to a conventional radiograph at the locked projection.

    • 2016, John L. Cameron, ‎Andrew M. Cameron, Current Surgical Therapy, page 721:

      It consisted of injecting an iodinated contrast agent while a breast was compressed in one projection after a scout film, taking several sequential films, and subtracting them from the scout film.

    • 2018, Savvas Nicolaou, ‎Mohammed F. Mohammed, Multi-Energy CT: The New Frontier in Imaging, page 643:

      Because of this FOV limitation, several institutions use a weight cutoff or a scout radiograph lateral diameter cutoff, though the exact cutoff threshold varies from institution to institution.

11. (informal) Term of address for a man or boy.
    • 1983, Robley Wilson, Dancing for Men, page 124:

      "Listen, old scout," Mr. Osborn said solemnly, "you think New York is heartless, but that's not what it is."

派生語

動詞

scout (三人称単数 現在形 scouts, 現在分詞 scouting, 過去形および過去分詞形 scouted)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To explore a wide terrain, as if on a search; to reconnoiter.
   • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], part 1, 2nd edition, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, OCLC 932920499; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene ii:

     An hundred horeſmen of my companie
     Scowting abroad vpon theſe champion plaines,
     Haue view’d the army of the Scythians,
     Which make report it far exceeds the Kings.

2. (transitive) To observe, watch, or look for, as a scout; to follow for the purpose of observation, as a scout.
   • c. 1613 (first performance)​, John Fletcher, “The Tragedie of Bonduca”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, OCLC 3083972, Act V, scene ii:

     Take more men, and scout him round.

派生語

• scout about
• scout around
• scout out
• scout round
• scout up

語源 2

Of North Germanic origin. Compare Old Norse skúta, skúti (“taunt”), Middle English scoute (“a wretch, rascal, rogue”); thus may be related to English shout.

動詞

scout (三人称単数 現在形 scouts, 現在分詞 scouting, 過去形および過去分詞形 scouted)

1. (transitive) To reject with contempt.

   to scout an idea or an apology

   • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii]:

     Flout 'em and scout 'em; and scout 'em and flout 'em: / Thought is free.

   • 1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, OCLC 558196156:

     I don't think I had any definite idea where Dora came from, or in what degree she was related to a higher order of beings; but I am quite sure I should have scouted the notion of her being simply human, like any other young lady, with indignation and contempt.

2. (intransitive) To scoff.
   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 45, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, OCLC 57395299:

     So ignorant are most landsmen of some of the plainest and most palpable wonders of the world, that without some hints touching the plain facts, historical and otherwise, of the fishery, they might scout at Moby Dick as a monstrous fable, or still worse and more detestable, a hideous and intolerable allegory.

語源 3

From Middle English scoute, skoute (also schoute, shoute, schuyt), from Middle Low German schûte or Middle Dutch schute; or possibly from Old Norse skúta (“a small craft または cutter”).

名詞

scout (複数形 scouts)

1. (dated) A swift sailing boat.
   • 1660, Samuel Pepys, diary entry 18th May 1660

     So we took a scout, very much pleased with the manner and conversation of the passengers.

動詞

scout (三人称単数 現在形 scouts, 現在分詞 scouting, 過去形および過去分詞形 scouted)

1. (Scotland) To pour forth a liquid forcibly, especially excrement.

名詞

scout (複数形 scouts)

1. The guillemot.

参考

• Scout (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.
• Scout in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

参照

Further reading

• scout in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• scout in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
• scout at OneLook Dictionary Search