英和和英

語源

From earlier craunch, cranch, of imitative origin.

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音) IPA: /kɹʌnt͡ʃ/
• 韻: -ʌntʃ

動詞

crunch (third-person singular simple present crunches, present participle crunching, simple past and past participle crunched)

1. To crush something, especially food, with a noisy crackling sound.

   When I came home, Susan was watching TV with her feet up on the couch, crunching a piece of celery.

   • 1816, Lord Byron, The Siege of Corinth:

     And their white tusks crunch'd o'er the whiter skull,

2. To be crushed with a noisy crackling sound.

   Beetles crunched beneath the men's heavy boots as they worked.

3. This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
   • 1980 October, “Table of contents”, in Forum:

     INFLATION: THE NEW THREAT TO MARRIAGE
     Money blues, says Gene Marine, crunch many of today's couples.

4. (slang) To calculate or otherwise process (e.g. to crunch numbers: to perform mathematical calculations). Presumably from the sound made by mechanical calculators.

   That metadata makes it much easier for the search engine to crunch the data for queries.

5. To grind or press with violence and noise.
   • 1854, E.K. Kane, “The United States Grinnell Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin: a personal Narrative”, in The Living Age‎, page 517:

     The sound of our vessel crunching her way through the new ice is not easy to be described.

   • 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

     The departure was not unduly prolonged. […] Within the door Mrs. Spoker hastily imparted to Mrs. Love a few final sentiments on the subject of Divine Intention in the disposition of buckets; farewells and last commiserations; a deep, guttural instigation to the horse; and the wheels of the waggonette crunched heavily away into obscurity.

6. To emit a grinding or crunching noise.
   • 1849, Henry James, Confidence:

     There were sounds in the air above his head – sounds of the crunching and rattling of the loose, smooth stones as his neighbors moved about […]

7. (automotive, transitive) To cause the gears to emit a crunching sound by releasing the clutch before the gears are properly synchronised.
8. (computing, transitive) To compress (data) using a particular algorithm, so that it can be restored by decrunching.
   • 1993, Michael Barsoom, “[comp.sys.amiga.announce] PackIt Announcement”, in comp.archives (Usenet):

     PackIt will not crunch executables, unless told to do so.

9. (software engineering, slang, transitive) To make employees work overtime in order to meet a deadline in the development of a project.

派生語

名詞

crunch (plural crunches)

1. A noisy crackling sound; the sound usually associated with crunching.
2. A critical moment or event.
   • 1976 August 21, A. Nolder Gay, “Another View”, in Gay Community News, volume 4, number 8, page 4:

     It always pains me (slightly) when a flaming young radical like Neil Miller turns out when the crunch comes to be such an ardent defender of the status quo.

   • 1985, John C. L. Gibson, Job, page 237:

     The friends, on the contrary, argue that Job does not "know", that only God knows; yet, when it comes to the crunch, they themselves seem to know as much as God knows: for example, that Job is a guilty sinner.

3. A problem that leads to a crisis.
   • 1994, Martin H. Wolfson, Financial Crises: Understanding the Postwar U.S. Experience‎, page 22:

     The crunch is characterized by extremely depressed liquidity and deteriorated balance sheet positions for households, corporations, and financial institutions […]

4. (exercise) A form of abdominal exercise, based on a sit-up but in which the lower back remains in contact with the floor.
   • 2017 November 16, Jo Ellison, “Help: the gym has turned us into slobs”, in Financial Times‎:

     But even I draw the line at “doing crunches” in designer clothes. Fashion sneakers are for swanking around the shops, not for running in. And so, like everyone else, I wear grotty old tracksuits earmarked for Oxfam, and tragic free festival T-shirts that give away my age.

5. (software engineering, slang) The overtime work required to catch up and finish a project, usually in the final weeks of development before release.
6. A dessert consisting of a crunchy topping with fruit underneath.

   Synonyms: crisp, crumble

7. (chiefly US) The symbol #.
8. (cooking, generally in the plural) A small piece created by crushing; a piece of material with a friable or crunchy texture.
   • 2014 December 18, “Fluffernutter and Nutella Yule Log”, in The Lovely Crazy‎:

     Smear the peanut butter, fluff, and a bit of the nutella all over, even to the very edge of the wrap. Sprinkle the crunches on top and then start rolling from one of the non-trimmed edges

9. (slang) A shortage.
   • 2021 April 22, “Covid: India sets global record for new cases amid oxygen shortage”, in BBC News‎:

     But a supply crunch, which is already affecting the drive, could slow it down further.

10. (music) Moderate distortion.

同意語

(symbol):

• hashtag
• number sign
• pound sign

等位語

• (abdominal exercise): sit-up, trunk curl

派生語