英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 reformen, from Old French reformer, from Latin reformo, reformare. As a noun since 1660s, from French réforme.

発音

• ("to form again"):
  • (General American) IPA: /ˌɹiːˈfɔɹm/
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌɹiːˈfɔːm/
• (other senses):
  • (General American) IPA: /ɹɪˈfɔɹm/, /ɹəˈfɔɹm/
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɹɪˈfɔːm/
• 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)m

名詞

reform (countable and uncountable, plural reforms)

1. The change of something that is defective, broken, inefficient or otherwise negative, in order to correct or improve it

   The elections need to undergo a serious reform.

   Major reform is needed to improve the efficiency in the factory.

   • 19 February 2011, Barack Obama, Presidential Weekly Address, America Will Win the Future

     […] over the past two years, my administration has made education a top priority. We’ve launched a competition called “Race to the Top” – a reform that is lifting academic standards and getting results; not because Washington dictated the answers, but because states and local schools pursued innovative solutions.

同意語

• reformation
• amendment
• rectification
• correction

派生語

関連する語

• reformation

動詞

reform (third-person singular simple present reforms, present participle reforming, simple past and past participle reformed)

1. (transitive) To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better.

   to reform a profligate man; to reform corrupt manners or morals; to reform a criminal

   • 2018 January 15, Adebisi Onanuga, Robert Egbe, “‘How we stopped DPP’s office from being used to settle scores’”, in The Nation‎:

     In this interview with Law Editors and Correspondents, he speaks on the gains of reforming the Directorate of Public Prosecutions (DPP), efforts to keep underage persons out of jail.

   • 1909, H. G. Wells, chapter 9, in The History of Mr. Polly:

     “There was always something a bit wrong with him,” she said, “but nothing you mightn’t have hoped for, not till they took him and carried him off and reformed him”

   • 1709, Jonathan Swift, A Project for the Advancement of Religion and the Reformation of Manners:

     Thus human nature seems to lie under the disadvantage, that the example alone of a vicious prince, will in time corrupt an age; but the example of a good one, will not be sufficient to reform it without farther endeavours.

2. (intransitive) To return to a good state; to amend or correct one's own character or habits.

   It is hoped that many criminals, upon being freed, will eventually reform.

3. (transitive, intransitive) To form again or in a new configuration.

   This product contains reformed meat.

   The regiment reformed after surviving the first attack.

   • 2012 August 21, Jason Heller, “The Darkness: Hot Cakes (Music Review)”, in The Onion AV Club‎:

     Since first tossing its cartoonish, good-time cock-rock to the masses in the early ’00s, The Darkness has always fallen back on this defense: The band is a joke, but hey, it’s a good joke. With Hot Cakes—the group’s third album, and first since reforming last year—the laughter has died. In its place is the sad wheeze of the last surviving party balloon slowly, listlessly deflating.

   • 2021 February 10, “Fleet News: CrossCountry boosts capacity by extending two-car Class 170/5s”, in RAIL, number 924, page 29:

     Two-car CrossCountry Class 170/5 diesel multiple units are being extended to three-car formations and reclassified as Class 170/6s, to boost capacity on the Birmingham-Stansted Airport route. So far, two have been reformed by Arriva TrainCare at Bristol Barton Hill and put back into traffic.

   • 2023 August 7, Suzanne Wrack, “England beat Nigeria on penalties to reach Women’s World Cup quarter-finals”, in The Guardian‎:

     England reformed, this time with Kelly at the head of a 4-4-1, and rode out the final few minutes to force extra time.

別の表記

• (form again): re-form

同意語

• (put into a better condition): amend, correct, rectify, mend, repair, better, improve, restore, reclaim

参照

“reform”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

• Wells, John, Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, →ISBN, page 640

Further reading

• "reform" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 262.

アナグラム

• former

動詞

re-form (third-person singular simple present re-forms, present participle re-forming, simple past and past participle re-formed)

1. Alternative form of reform
   • 2023 November 15, “Network News: Grand Union makes Cardiff-Edinburgh bid to rival CrossCountry services”, in RAIL, number 996, page 17:

     Yeowart added that he is looking to re-form the diesel multiple units (which will become available next year, once Avanti West Coast introduces its Class 805 bi-mode units) to offer more capacity than CrossCountry generally offers today.

使用する際の注意点

• In modern usage, the hyphenated form of this word is usually reserved for the sense of "to form again" rather than the other senses of reform.

Further reading

• “re-form”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• former