英和和英

別の表記

• shut-down

語源

Deverbal from shut down.

発音

名詞

shutdown (countable and uncountable, plural shutdowns)

1. The action of stopping operations; a closing, of a computer, business, event, etc.

   You need to enter your password at startup, but it's not required at shutdown.

   There is a plastic molly-guard covering the escalator's shutdown button to prevent little kids from pushing it and stopping the escalator.

   • 2023 December 27, David Turner, “Silent lines...”, in RAIL, number 999, page 30:

     In 1963, there was even more of a shutdown [at Christmas]. The Western and London Midland Regions ran no trains, with the rest of the network having the "barest of skeleton services". The Daily Herald called Beeching's cuts "the most scrooge-like... in railway history".

2. A statement, insult, etc. that prevents the opponent from replying further.

   When he insulted me, my reply was such a shutdown that he left the room.

3. (psychology, autism) An autistic response to stress or sensory overload, in which the individual freezes up and becomes silent, motionless, and unresponsive.
   • 2018, Laura James, Odd Girl Out: My Extraordinary Autistic Life, unnumbered page:

     I retreated into myself and allowed myself to be swallowed into a typically autistic shutdown.

   • 2020, Siena Castellon, The Spectrum Girl's Survival Guide: How to Grow Up Awesome and Autistic‎, page 34:

     I may even reach the point where I have an autistic shutdown, which means I'll be unable to communicate, interact or socialize.

   • 2021, Carly Jones, Safeguarding Autistic Girls: Strategies for Professionals‎, pages 61–62:

     Their [autistic girls'] distress could come out in all sorts of ways and result in meltdown or shutdown.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:shutdown.
4. (sports) A defensive ploy that prevents the opposing players from attacking.

同意語

• (act of stopping operations): shuttering

反意語

• startup

等位語

• shutoff (noun)

派生語

• government shutdown

関連する語

派生した語

• → Japanese: シャットダウン (shattodaun)
• → Korean: 셧다운 (syeotdaun)
• → Russian: шатда́ун (šatdáun)

参考

Further reading

• “shutdown”, in Collins English Dictionary.
• “shutdown”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
• “shutdown”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “shutdown”, in Cambridge English Dictionary, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, 1999–present.

動詞

shut down (third-person singular simple present shuts down, present participle shutting down, simple past and past participle shut down)

1. (transitive) To close, terminate, or end.

   They are planning to shut down the entire building at the end of the month.

   • 2001 November 2, Justin Hill, Carolyn See, “The Once and Future China / The Drink and Dream Teahouse”, in The Washington Post‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 19 January 2024‎:

     The time is now, the place the grim industrial city of Shaoyang, China, which has just been informed that its No. 2 Space Rocket Factory is going to shut down.

   • 2010, Jonathan Ashcroft, Scavengers, page 41:

     Alex quickly shut down her argument. 'But I'm the male. They lead in dancing, why shouldn't I be the lead here too? And besides, I was picked, you applied, which basically means I'm the lead anyway. […]

   • 2020 July 1, Daniel Puddicombe, “How can heritage lines recover from enforced closures?”, in Rail, page 30:

     The typical business model relies on a line operating intensively from March or April through to September or October, before shutting down during the winter months - at which point essential repairs and maintenance can take place using income accrued during the busy summer months, ahead of the cycle starting over again.

2. (ergative) To turn off or stop.

   It's a good idea to shut down the machine before you leave.

   My computer is shutting down as we speak.

   • 1955 October, “Main-Line Diesel-Electric Locomotives for Ireland”, in Railway Magazine, page 718:

     Safety devices ensure that the engines are automatically shut down in the event of overspeed, low pressure in the lubricating oil system, low cooling-water pressure, or high cooling-water temperature.

   • 1958 June, “Main-Line Diesel-Electric Locomotives for the Eastern Region”, in Railway Magazine, page 395:

     Additional warning lights are provided to indicate diesel engine shut-down, traction motor blower failure or high engine cooling water temperature. On the assistant's side of the cab, another light shows should the train heating boiler shut down.

   • 1961 January, “Talking of Trains: Flooding at Lewes”, in Trains Illustrated, page 5:

     On the morning of Thursday, November 3, flood water rose over the conductor rails in platforms 1 to 3 of Lewes station and the electric service to London had to be shut down.

3. (transitive) To stop offering a service, such as a bar.

   The bar will start shutting down at two o'clock in the morning.

   On the breakfast buffet, the waffle area shuts down first.

4. (figuratively, intransitive) To emotionally withdraw into oneself as a defense mechanism; to block out external stressors.

   I can't talk to him about the accident; he just shuts down anytime I try.

5. (figurative, transitive) To suppress, block out, or reject (an idea or an aspect of one's personality or identity).

   She made a proposal to reorganize the department, but management shut her down.

   • 2024 March 1, F1NN5TER, 1:12 from the start, in Coming Out‎, archived from the original on 14 May 2024:

     And I learned a lot, and, um, some of it seemed a little bit too interesting? It felt a bit like I uncovered a part of myself that I've been purposefully just shutting down for as long as I can remember and never questioned why.

6. (slang, auto racing, car culture) To pass (another vehicle), especially quickly.

   I opened that throttle and shut him down.

   • 1963, Brian Wilson, Roger Christian, “Shut Down”, performed by The Beach Boys:

     Tach it up, tach it up / Buddy gonna shut you down

使用する際の注意点

• Phrasal verbs with the particles down and up tend to connote a process that takes a span of time and contains multiple steps, whereas those with the particles off and on tend to connote an event that happens instantly, in a point of time. This nuance of cognitive schema is merely connotative, not denotative or rigorous, and therefore the phrasal verbs shut down and power down are broadly synonymous with shut off, power off, and turn off, as well as stop and kill. However, the fact that turning a computer on or off requires booting and unwinding, which are multistep processes (albeit black boxes to the user in modern operating systems), influenced the origins of power management commands such as shut down rather than turn off or switch off. Similarly, power plants and ship engines are fired up and shut down, and not so much turned on and switched off, in idiomatic usage. Nonetheless, any process (no matter how complex) can be triggered with a single command, which is why an executive officer or legislature can simply kill a multi-billion-dollar government program, or a laptop user can simply switch off their computer, even if the program takes a while to wind down.

同意語

• close down
• power down
• power off
• shut off
• turn off
• wind down

派生語

• shutdown