iustusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

By surface analysis, iūs +‎ -tus. From Old Latin iovestos, from *iowez- (the oblique stem of *iowos, whence iūs) + -tos. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈjuːs.tʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈjus.tus]

形容詞

iūstus (feminine iūsta, neuter iūstum, comparative iūstior, superlative iūstissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. just, righteous
   • c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate John.5.30:

     Sicut audio, judico: et judicium meum iustum est, quia non quaero voluntatem meam, sed voluntatem ejus qui misit me.

     Just as I hear, I judge: and my judgement is just, because I do not seek my will, but the will of him who sent me.

2. lawful, legal

   Synonym: lēgitimus

3. justified, merited, well-deserved, due
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:

     Ea tum cura maxime intentos habebat Romanos, non ab ira tantum, quae in nullam unquam ciuitatem iustior fuit, quam quod urbs tam nobilis ac potens, sicut defectione sua traxerat aliquot populos, ita recepta inclinatura rursus animos uidebatur ad ueteris imperii respectum.

     This concern in particular troubled the mindful Romans at the time, not so much because of anger, which has never been more justified against any other city, rather because a city so noble and powerful, in the same way that it had attracted the support of a number of communities by its revolt, was thought would again turn attention back towards respect for the previous government once recaptured.

4. proper, perfect, complete, reasonable, suitable, sufficient

   Synonyms: opportūnus, commodus, habilis, aptus, idōneus, dignus, conveniēns, lēgitimus, ūtilis

   Antonyms: incommodus, inūtilis, ineptus, irritus, grātuītus

5. (figurative) exact, straight, direct

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

派生語

派生した語

Borrowings

参照

Further reading

• “justus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “iustus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "iustus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “iustus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to perform the last rites for a person: iusta facere, solvere alicui
    
  • to be deprived of the rites of burial: iustis exsequiarum carere
    
  • for valid reasons: iustis de causis
    
  • soldiers collected in haste; irregulars: milites tumultuarii (opp. exercitus iustus) (Liv. 35. 2)
    
  • a regular, formal war: bellum iustum (pium)
    
  • a pitched battle: proelium iustum (opp. tumultuarium)
    
  • to fight a pitched, orderly battle with an enemy: iusto (opp. tumultuario) proelio confligere cum hoste (Liv. 35. 4)
    
  • with perfect right: iusto iure
    
• “iustus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers