英和和英

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/05/04 23:32 UTC 版)

語源

From 中期英語 craker (“a boaster”), equivalent to crack (“to break, snap, utter, make a sound”) +‎ -er. From crack (verb), the sound made when one is broken. The hard "bread" and "biscuit" sense is first attested in 1739.

The computing senses of cracker, crack, and cracking were promoted in the 1980s as an alternative to hacker, by programmers concerned about negative public associations of hack, hacking (“creative computer coding”). See Citations:cracker.

Various theories exist regarding the term 's application to poor white Southerners. One theory holds that it originated with disadvantaged corn and wheat farmers (corncrackers), who cracked their crops rather than taking them to the mill. Another theory asserts that it was applied due to Georgia and Florida settlers (Florida crackers) who cracked loud whips to drive herds of cattle, or, alternatively, from the whip cracking of plantation slave drivers. Yet another theory maintains that the term cracker was in use in Elizabethan times to describe braggarts (see crack (“to boast”)); a letter from 1766 supports this theory.

発音

enPR: krăk'ə(r), IPA: /ˈkɹækə(ɹ)/
韻: -ækə(ɹ)

名詞

cracker (plural crackers)

(obsolete) A noisy boaster; a swaggering fellow.
- c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:
  
  What cracker is this same that deafs our ears?
A dry, thin, crispy baked bread (usually salty or savoury, but sometimes sweet, as in the case of graham crackers and animal crackers).

Synonym: (UK, Australia) biscuit

Coordinate terms: biscuit, brittle, cookie, chip, crisp, hardtack, snap, toast, wafer
A prawn cracker.
- 1929 February 10, The Sunday Times, Sydney, page 26, column 7:
  
  There was feasting and joy from Shanghai to the Wall,
  What with dim-sims, chop-suey and crackers and all,
  And the donor of these, by the hook of my crook.
  Was Chiang Ki-Konglong, the Mandarin Cook.
The final section of certain whips, which is made of a short, thin piece of unravelled rope, or which is a short piece of twisted string tied to the end of the whip, which produces a distinctive cracking sound when the whip is cracked.

Synonyms: popper, snapper
A firecracker.
A Christmas cracker.
- 1911, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 9, page 146:
  
  It is customary in every part of China to fire off crackers on the last day and night of the year for the purpose of terrifying expelling the devils.
(UK) A northern pintail, a dabbling duck of species Anas acuta.
A person or thing that breaks a thing (e.g., nutcracker).

a lobster and crab shell cracker
1. Refinery equipment used to pyrolyse organic feedstocks. If catalyst is used to aid pyrolysis it is informally called a cat-cracker
2. (obsolete) A pair of fluted rolls for grinding caoutchouc.
3. (computing) One who cracks (i.e. overcomes) computer software or security restrictions.
  
  Synonyms: black hat, hacker
  
  Coordinate term: script kiddie
  - 1984, Richard Sedric Fox Eells, Peter Raymond Nehemkis, Corporate Intelligence and Espionage: A Blueprint for Executive Decision Making, Macmillan, page 137:
    
    It stated to one of the company's operators, “The Phantom, the system cracker, strikes again . . . Soon I will zero (expletive deleted) your desks and your backups on System A. I have already cracked your System B.
  - 2002, Steve Jones, Encyclopedia of New Media, page 1925:
    
    Likewise, early software pirates and "crackers" often used phrases like "information wants to be free" to protest the regulations against the copying of proprietary software packages and computer systems.
(slang, chiefly British, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) A fine, great thing or person (crackerjack).

She's an absolute cracker!

The show was a cracker!

A cracker of a day.
- 2011 January 15, Saj Chowdhury, “Man City 4 - 3 Wolves”, in BBC‎:
  
  And just before the interval, Kolarov, who was having one of his better games in a City shirt, fizzed in a cracker from 30 yards which the Wolves stopper unconvincingly pushed behind for a corner.
(Discuss this sense) An ambitious or hard-working person (i.e. someone who arises at the 'crack' of dawn).
(US, derogatory, ethnic slur, offensive) An impoverished white person from the southeastern United States, originally associated with Georgia and parts of Florida; (by extension) any white person (slang).

Synonyms: corn-cracker, honky, peckerwood, redneck, trailer trash, white trash, whitey, wonderbread; see also Thesaurus:white person
- 1970, “(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below, We're All Going to Go”, in Curtis, performed by Curtis Mayfield:
  
  Brothers and the whiteys / Blacks and the crackers / Police and their backers / They're all political actors
- 1997, Kevin Smith, Chasing Amy, spoken by Hooper (Dwight Ewell):
  
  Check this shit: You got cracker farm boy Luke Skywalker, Nazi poster boy, blond hair, blue eyes. And then you got Darth Vader, the blackest brother in the galaxy, Nubian god!
- 2019, Colson Whitehead, The Nickel Boys, Fleet, page 202:
  
  “You know that old cracker beat them boys.”

派生語

参照

^ Gavin Cochrane (27 June 1766), Letter to the Earl of Dartmouth: “I should explain to your Lordship what is meant by crackers; a name they have got from being great boasters; they are a lawless set of rascalls on the frontiers of Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas and Georgia, who often change their places of abode.”
^ Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “cracker”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
^ John A. Burrison (2002), “Crackers”, in The New Georgia Encyclopedia, Georgia State University
^ Edward H[enry] Knight (1877), “Cracker”, in Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary. […], volumes I (A–GAS), New York, N.Y.: Hurd and Houghton […], →OCLC.

“cracker”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

recrack

[1] Gavin Cochrane (27 June 1766), Letter to the Earl of Dartmouth: “I should explain to your Lordship what is meant by crackers; a name they have got from being great boasters; they are a lawless set of rascalls on the frontiers of Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas and Georgia, who often change their places of abode.”

[2] Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “cracker”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

[3] John A. Burrison (2002), “Crackers”, in The New Georgia Encyclopedia, Georgia State University

[4] Edward H[enry] Knight (1877), “Cracker”, in Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary. […], volumes I (A–GAS), New York, N.Y.: Hurd and Houghton […], →OCLC.

レベル	レベル7
学校レベル	大学以上の水準
大学入試	最難関大対策レベル
英検	準1級以上合格に覚えておきたい単語
TOEIC® L&Rスコア	730以上取得に覚えておきたい単語

・Cracker
・DOB
・Methemoglobin
・Endued
・derivable
・casting net
・thick stuff
・bedabble
・mulloway
・Cottagecore

研究社 新英和中辞典

cracker

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Eゲイト英和辞典

cracker

研究社 英和コンピューター用語辞典

cracker

コンピューター用語辞典

cracker

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機械工学英和和英辞典

cracker

JST科学技術用語日英対訳辞書

cracker

日本語WordNet(英和)

cracker

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EDR日英対訳辞書

cracker

日英・英日専門用語辞書

cracker

Weblio英語表現辞典

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斎藤和英大辞典

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Weblio専門用語対訳辞書

cracker

Weblio英和対訳辞書

Cracker (computing)

cracker

cracker

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