英和和英

語源 1

From 中期英語 floten, from 古期英語 flotian (“to float”), from Proto-West Germanic *flotōn, from Proto-Germanic *flutōną (“to float”), from Proto-Indo-European *plewd-, *plew- (“to float, swim, fly”). Compare flow, fleet.

動詞

float (third-person singular simple present floats, present participle floating, simple past and past participle floated)

1. (intransitive, of an object or substance) To be supported by a fluid of greater density (than the object).

   Synonym: ride

   Helium balloons float in air, while air-filled balloons don't.

   1. To be supported by a liquid of greater density, such that part (of the object or substance) remains above the surface.

      Synonym: swim

      The boat floated on the water.

      The oil floated on the vinegar.

2. (transitive) To cause something to be suspended in a fluid of greater density.

   to float a boat

3. (intransitive) To be capable of floating.

   That boat doesn't float.

   Oil floats on vinegar.

4. (intransitive) To move in a particular direction with the liquid in which one is floating.

   I’d love to just float downstream.

5. (intransitive) To drift or wander aimlessly.

   I’m not sure where they went... they're floating around here somewhere.

   Images from my childhood floated through my mind.

6. (intransitive) To drift gently through the air.

   Synonym: stream

   The balloon floated off into the distance.

7. (transitive) To cause to drift gently through the air, to waft.

   Synonym: stream

   • 1865, Walt Whitman, “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d”, in Sequel to Drum-Taps: When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d and other poems:

     Over the tree-tops I float thee a song, / Over the rising and sinking waves, over the myriad fields and the prairies wide, / Over the dense-pack’d cities all and the teeming wharves and ways, / I float this carol with joy, with joy to thee O death.

8. (intransitive) To move in a fluid manner.

   The dancer floated gracefully around the stage.

9. (intransitive, figurative) To circulate.

   There's a rumour floating around the office that Jan is pregnant.

10. (intransitive, aviation) To remain airborne, without touching down, for an excessive length of time during landing, due to excessive airspeed during the landing flare.
11. (intransitive, colloquial) Of an idea or scheme, to be viable.

    That's a daft idea... it'll never float.

12. (transitive) To propose (an idea) for consideration.

    I floated the idea of free ice cream on Fridays, but no one was interested.

    • 2025 January 8, Steve Holland, Joseph Ax, “Trump won't rule out force to take Panama Canal, Greenland”, in USA Today‎, sourced from Reuters, →ISSN, →OCLC, Nation & World, page 1NN, columns 3–4:

      Trump, who takes office on Jan. 20, also floated the idea of turning Canada into a U.S. state, said he would demand far higher defense spending from NATO allies and promised to change the name of the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of America.

13. (intransitive)To automatically adjust a parameter as related parameters change.
14. To not be tied to a reference.
    1. (intransitive, finance) (of currencies) To have an exchange value determined by the markets, as opposed to by central fiat.

       The yen floats against the dollar.

    2. (transitive, finance) To allow (the exchange value of a currency) to be determined by the markets.

       The government floated the pound in January.

       Increased pressure on Thailand’s currency, the baht, in 1997 led to a crisis that forced the government to float the currency.

    3. (intransitive, electronics) To be not connected or referenced to a known reference voltage.
15. (transitive, colloquial) To extend a short-term loan to.

    Could you float me $50 until payday?

16. (transitive, finance) To issue or sell shares in a company (or units in a trust) to members of the public, followed by listing on a stock exchange.
    • 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 210:

      "Peg out a claim wherever you like and we will float it," was the substance of many a code of instructions sent by unprincipled men in the mining world of the colonies to the gold prospectors in Port Darwin.

    • 2005 June 21, Dewi Cooke, The Age‎:

      He [Mario Moretti Polegato] floated the company on the Milan Stock Exchange last December and sold 29 per cent of its shares, mostly to American investors.

    • 2007, Jonathan Reuvid, Floating Your Company: The Essential Guide to Going Public:
    • 2011, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, SIPRI Yearbook 2011: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, footnote i, page 269,

      As a result of this reverse acquisition, Hurlingham changed its name to Manroy plc and floated shares on the Alternative Investment Market in London.

17. (transitive) To spread plaster over (a surface), using the tool called a float.
    • 1932, The Bricklayer, Mason and Plasterer, volumes 35-37, page 35:

      This wire, nailed over the face of the old plaster will also reinforce any loose lath or plaster after the walls have set. Float the wall to the face of the lath first.

18. (transitive) To use a float (rasp-like tool) upon.

    It is time to float this horse's teeth.

19. (transitive) To transport by float (vehicular trailer).
20. (poker) To perform a float.
21. (computing, publishing, transitive) To cause (an element within a document) to float above or beside others.
    • 2010, Andy Harris, HTML, XHTML and CSS All-In-One For Dummies, page 290:

      To get the footer acting right, you need to float it and clear it on both margins.

22. (transitive, retail) To prepare a till (cash register) for operation, either by putting a float (cash amount) in the cash drawer to provide change for customers making cash payments or (by extension) by recording the time a till starts being used for card payments if it is card-only

    You can't just close the drawer, log in to the till and start serving customers, telling them you're only taking card payments and that they should gonto another till if they're paying in cash. The till needs to be floated first, so ask the manager on the headset if you can use it and she'll float it and let you know when you can start serving.

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 flote, from 古期英語 flota (“sailor, boat”), from Proto-West Germanic *flotō, from Proto-Germanic *flutô, from Proto-Indo-European *plewd-.

名詞

float (plural floats)

1. A buoyant device used to support something in water or another liquid.

   Attach the float and the weight to the fishing line, above the hook.

   • 1983, The Fisherman Who Laughed, page 40:

     'What you need are frogs,' said the veteran. 'Fish them at night. There's nothing like them on big cork floats.'

2. A mass of timber or boards fastened together, and conveyed down a stream by the current; a raft.
3. A float board.
4. A tool similar to a rasp, used in various trades.
5. A sort of trowel used for finishing concrete surfaces or smoothing plaster.

   When pouring a new driveway, you can use a two-by-four as a float.

6. An elaborately decorated trailer or vehicle, intended for display in a parade or pageant.

   That float covered in roses is very pretty.

7. A floating toy made of foam, used in swimming pools.
8. (British) A small vehicle used for local deliveries, especially in the term milk float.
   • 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter 7, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

     As soon as the skies brightened and plum-blossom was out, Paul drove off in the milkman's heavy float up to Willey Farm.

9. (finance) Funds committed to be paid but not yet paid.

   Our bank does a nightly sweep of accounts, to adjust the float so we stay within our reserves limit.

10. (finance, Australia, and other Commonwealth countries?) An offering of shares in a company (or units in a trust) to members of the public, normally followed by a listing on a stock exchange.
    • 2006, “Buying shares in a float”, in Australian Securities and Investments Commission financial tips article‎, archived from the original on 16 July 2005:

      You don't actually need a broker to buy shares in a float when a company is about to be listed on the Australian Stock Exchange.

11. (banking) The total amount of checks/cheques or other drafts written against a bank account but not yet cleared and charged against the account.

    No sir, your current float is not taken into account, when assets are legally garnished.

12. (insurance) Premiums taken in but not yet paid out.

    We make a lot of interest from our nightly float.

13. (programming) A floating-point number, especially one that has lower precision than a double.

    That routine should not have used an int; it should be a float.

    • 2011, Rubin H. Landau, A First Course in Scientific Computing, page 214:

      If you want to be a scientist or an engineer, learn to say “no” to singles and floats.

14. A soft beverage with a scoop of ice cream floating in it.

    I don't consider anything other than root-beer with vanilla ice cream to be a "real" float.

15. A small sum of money put in a cashier's till, or otherwise secured, at the start of business, to enable change to be made.
16. (poker) A maneuver where a player calls on the flop or turn with a weak hand, with the intention of bluffing after a subsequent community card.
17. (weaving) A weft thread that passes over two or more warp threads (or less commonly, warp over weft).
    • 1990, Sharon Alderman, A Handweaver's Notebook, →ISBN, page 82:

      I knew that a simple float on the surface of the Merino might catch if I made it big enough to show very much.

    • 1991, Carol Strickler, editor, A Weaver's Book of 8-Shaft Patterns, Interweave Press, →ISBN, pages 140-141:

      The appearance of a waffle fabric changes drastically with washing. Yarns differ, but most relax and twist and curl in the long floats when washed; the severe rectilinear design of the waffle cells in unwashed waffle weave fabric will soften dramatically.

18. (knitting) A loose strand of yarn that passes behind one or more stitches when knitting with multiple yarns.
19. (basketry) A decorative rod that extends over the body of a basket without being attached for part of its length.
    • 1991, Rachel Nash Law, Cynthia Wieboldt Taylor, Appalachian White Oak Basketmaking: Handing Down the Basket, page xii:

      Rod Basket with Serpentine Floats

20. (automotive) A car carrier or car transporter truck or truck-and-trailer combination.
21. (transport) A lowboy trailer.
22. (obsolete) The act of flowing; flux; flow.
    • 1622, Francis, Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban [i.e. Francis Bacon], The Historie of the Raigne of King Henry the Seventh, […], London: […] W[illiam] Stansby for Matthew Lownes, and William Barret, →OCLC:

      Hee being now in Float for Treasure.

23. A polishing block used in marble working; a runner.
    • 1863 April 24, “Trade News”, in The Building News and Engineering Journal, volume 10, page 324:

      The machinery consists of two saws, a polishing table, a float for grinding marble, and a ripping saw for cutting slabs.

    • 1925, Australia. Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, Commonwealth Arbitration Reports, page 557:

      Float Machinist— One who squares up, faces, noses or chamfers on a float all marble, slate, or similar stones, and including terrazzo or similar compositions.

    • 1980, Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, page 215:

      Next , finishers rub a float — a small and smooth, rectangular piece of wood — over the entire surface, carefully avoiding edges and joints.

    • 2015, M. Clara Gonçalves, Fernanda Margarido, Materials for Construction and Civil Engineering, page 102:

      Floated: Obtained by successive passages with a wooden float on the coat's surface until it is flat and uniform

24. (UK, dated) A coal cart.
25. A breakdancing move in which the body is held parallel to the floor while balancing on one or both hands.
26. (computing) A visual style on a web page that causes the styled elements to float above or beside others.
    • 2004, Eric A. Meyer, More Eric Meyer on CSS, page 36:

      Because margin floats don't collapse together, the actual spacing between two floats sitting next to each other will be 6 pixels […]

    • 2007, Michael Bowers, Pro CSS and HTML Design Patterns, page 93:

      When a float cannot fit next to another float, it moves down below it. A float's position, size, padding, borders, and margins affect the position of adjacent floats and adjacent inline content.

27. (biology) The gas-filled sac, bag, or body of a siphonophore; a pneumatophore.
28. (publishing, digital typesetting) Any object (element) whose location in composition (page makeup, pagination) does not flow within body text but rather floats outside of it, usually anchored loosely (in buoy metaphor) to spots within it (citations, callouts): a figure (image), table, box, pull quote, ornament, or other floated element.

同意語

• (shares offered to the public): initial public offering

派生語

参照

アナグラム

• aloft, flota