英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 material, from Late Latin māteriālis, from Latin māteria (“wood, material, substance”), from māter (“mother”). Displaced native 中期英語 andweorc, andwork (“material, matter”) (from 古期英語 andweorc (“matter, substance, material”)). Doublet of materiel.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA: /məˈtɪə.ɹi.əl/
• (General American, Canada) IPA: /məˈtɪɹ.i.əl/
• (Indic) IPA: /mɛˈʈir(ɪ)jəl/
• ハイフネーション: ma‧te‧ri‧al

形容詞

material (comparative more material, superlative most material)

1. Of, relating to, or consisting of matter, especially physical.

   This compound has a number of interesting material properties.

   • 1913, Alfred Bowyer Sharpe, Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Evil:

     the material elements of the universe

2. Of, relating to, or affecting physical well-being; corporeal; bodily.

   Antonym: spiritual

   material needs

3. (logic) Of or relating to the matter of reasoning, as distinguished from the form of it, especially empirical.

   material cause

   the material aspect of being

4. (especially law) Having real importance or great consequences; significant; substantial.

   Antonym: immaterial

   found a material difference between two things

   You've made several material contributions to this project.

   This is the most material fact in this lawsuit.

   • 1685 March 20 (Gregorian calendar), John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 10 March 1685]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […]; and sold by John and Arthur Arch, […], published 1819, →OCLC:

     discourse, which was always material, not trifling

   • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], chapter 2, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC, book I, page 3:

     I shall, in the account of simple ideas, set down only such as are most material to our present purpose.

5. Relating to or concerned with what is purely physical rather than intellectual or spiritual, especially excessively so; materialistic.

   the material world

   interested only in material progress

   Don't let material concerns get in the way of living a happy life.

   • 1984, Peter Brown and Robert Rans, “Material Girl”, in Like a Virgin‎, performed by Madonna:

     'Cause we are living in a material world / And I am a material girl / You know that we are living in a material world / And I am a material girl

6. (obsolete) Full of substance or otherwise meaning.

   Synonyms: bulky, massive, solid, meaty

7. (obsolete) In an important degree.

同意語

• (related to matter): See also Thesaurus:substantial
• (significant): See also Thesaurus:pertinent

派生語

名詞

material (countable and uncountable, plural materials)

1. A basic matter (as metal, wood, plastic, fiber, etc.) from which the whole or the greater part of something physical (as a machine, tool, building, fabric, etc.) is made.

   Synonym: raw material

   Asphalt, composed of oil and sand, is a widely used material for roads.

   • 1820, Encyclopaedia Britannica; Or A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature‎, 6th edition, volume 20, Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Company, page 501:

     In trumpets for assisting the hearing, all reverbation of the trumpet must be avoided. It must be made thick, of the least elastic materials, and covered with cloth externally. For all reverbation lasts for a short time, and produces new sounds which mix with those which are coming in.

   • 2012 March, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 128:

     Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2. (sometimes collective, preceded by a qualifying word) A person, or people collectively, who are qualified or suited for a certain position or activity.

   boy/girlfriend material

   marriage material

   We have lots of presidential material in various public offices.

   • 2021 November 20, Alex Williams, “To Breed or Not to Breed?”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:

     Before she married her husband, Kiersten Little considered him ideal father material.

3. (usually plural) Apparatus for doing or making something.
   • 2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama's once hip brand is now tainted]”, in The Guardian Weekly‎, volume 189, number 1, page 18:

     Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet.

4. Something (as data, observations, perceptions or ideas) that may be incorporated, elaborated or otherwise reworked into a finished form or new form, or may serve as the basis for arriving at interpretations, judgments or conclusions.

   teaching materials

   We were a warm-up act at the time; we didn't have enough original material to headline.

   • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page vii:

     With fresh material, taxonomic conclusions are leavened by recognition that the material examined reflects the site it occupied; a herbarium packet gives one only a small fraction of the data desirable for sound conclusions. Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get […]

5. Fabric, which can be made into a garments, curtains, etc; especially, woven fabric (cloth).

   a piece of material

   You'll need about a yard of material to make this.

   • 1977, Agatha Christie, An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN, page 4:

     Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. There was a great deal of them, lavish both in material and in workmanship.

6. The elements, constituents or substance of which something physical or non-physical composed of or can be made of.

   The solid materials of the mixture will settle to the bottom of the container.

   The material of his character was basically good.

   • 1642, Daniel Rogers […], Naaman the Syrian, his Disease and Cvre, London: Th. Harper for Philip Nevil, unnumbered page:

     […] I beleeve that as they ſay of the materialls of the world, they would ſoone diſolve if the ſoule of it were taken away […]

   • 2013 July-August, Stephen P. Lownie, David M. Pelz, “Stents to Prevent Stroke”, in American Scientist:

     As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels.

7. (graphical user interface) An element of a design language associated with a certain style of rendering on the display.
8. (chess) All of a player's pieces and pawns on the chessboard, excluding the king.
9. (Ireland, now rare) The ingredients for making whisky punch.

   Synonym: matts

10. (rare) The materiel of an army.
11. (obsolete) Things that are material.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:material

派生語

関連する語

• matter

参考

• materiel

動詞

material (third-person singular simple present materials, present participle (US) materialing or (UK) materialling, simple past and past participle (US) materialed or (UK) materialled)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To form from matter; to materialize.
   • 1642, [Thomas Browne], “(please specify the page)”, in Religio Medici, London: […] Andrew Crooke, →OCLC:

     I believe that the whole frame of a beast doth perish, and is left in the same state after death as before it was materialled unto life.

参照

• “material, adj., n. & v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
• Philip Babcock Gove et al., editors (1961), “material n”, in Webster's Third New International Dictionary  […], volume II (H to R), published 1981, →ISBN, page 1392

Further reading

• “material”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.

アナグラム

• Armalite

語源

Borrowed from Middle French materiel and its etymon Latin māteriālis; equivalent to matere +‎ -al.

発音

• IPA: /maˌtɛːriˈal/, /maˈtɛːrial/ (from Latin māteriālis)
• IPA: /maˌtɛːriˈɛːl/, /maˈtɛːriɛl/ (from Middle French materiel)

形容詞

material (plural and weak singular materiale)

1. Extant in matter or having physical form; material.
2. Not supernatural or spiritual; regular, conventional, worldly.
3. Being the physical attributes or properties of a thing.
4. Affecting or modifying physical matter or attributes.
5. (rare) Prominent, significant.

派生した語

• English: material

参照

• “mā̆teriāl, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 12 March 2019.