以上のとおり貿易構造からも、2000年代を通じ4か国の間ではドイツを軸とした貿易不均衡（ドイツの他の3か国向けの貿易黒字が増加する一方で他の3か国の対独貿易赤字が増加）が拡大しているのみならず、ユーロ圏域外でも中国等新興国との強い価格競争圧力にさらされて輸出市場での存在感を低下させている他の3か国に対し、ドイツは輸出品目を技術集約度の高い高付加価値な工業製品に特化することで優位を保っているなど、ドイツと他の3か国の間の競争力の格差が生じていることがわかる。例文帳に追加

As explained above, from the perspective of trade structure as well, not only had the trade imbalance between Germany and the four countries been widening through the 2000s (while Germany's trade surpluses with the other three countries were increasing, the other three countries' trade deficits with Germany were increasing), but while the other three countries were losing their presence in the export market due to strong pressures of price competition with emerging economies including China, Germany maintained its advantage by specializing in very technologically-intensive and high value-added manufacturing products for export items, giving the impression that the discrepancy of competitiveness was arising between Germany and the other three countries. - 経済産業省

米国国内においても、鉄鋼セーフガードによって鉄鋼の輸入に追加関税が賦課されると、自動車、建設分野等の鉄鋼ユーザーの視点で見れば、自由競争状況下で達成されていた市場均衡価格よりも高い価格での鋼材の調達を余儀なくされることにより、生産コストの上昇をもたらすことになる。例文帳に追加

Additional tariffs on the certain steel products by the safeguard measure should force the users such as auto manufacturers and others to purchase the item at a price higher than the market equilibrium prices under free competition. This would cause them uplifted production costs. - 経済産業省

ユーロ導入当初は、単一通貨ユーロの導入により域内の為替変動リスクが消滅し、経常黒字国が経常赤字国の赤字をファイナンスしている間に、経常赤字国が国際競争力の強化に向けた改革を進めることでユーロ参加国間の経常収支不均衡は改善されるものと期待されていた。例文帳に追加

In the early days of the euro, it was expected that the account imbalances between euro members would be improved by the progression of reforms strengthening international competitiveness by current account deficit countries, while they bought time using financing from current account surplus countries to make up their deficits, which had become easier thanks to the disappearance of the risk of exchange rate fluctuations within the region due to the introduction of the euro as a single currency. - 経済産業省

ユーロ導入で為替リスクが消滅することによる域内貿易・投資の活性化や企業間の競争の進展などで経済成長が促進されること、また共通のルールに基づき財政面での相互監視が進むことなどにより参加国間の経済格差は収斂することが期待されていたが、ここまでで紹介したように、実際にはユーロ導入以降、経済不均衡はむしろ拡大する傾向にある。例文帳に追加

Although it was expected that the economic disparities among the member counties would be mitigated through promotion of economic growth thanks to vitalization of trade and investments within the zone and of competition between companies resulting from elimination of exchange risks with the introduction of the euro, and through the advance of mutual surveillance of financial aspects based on common rules, the economic imbalance has in fact continuously expanded since the euro was introduced, as described above. - 経済産業省

このように債務問題の顕在化以降にEU・ユーロ圏当局が講じた一連の措置により金融市場を取り巻く緊張はやや緩和しているが、これまで確認してきたとおり債務問題の背景には2000年代に広がったユーロ参加国の国際競争力の格差と経常収支不均衡が存在する。例文帳に追加

Thus, the tension around the financial market has been slightly mitigated thanks to a series of measures taken by the EU and euro zone authorities since the debt problem emerged. However, as confirmed above, behind the debt problem there have been disparities in international competitiveness and current account imbalances among the euro member countries, which spread in the 2000s. - 経済産業省

他方、中国人民銀行も指摘しているように、現在の中国の経済成長パターンは、投資が消費を大幅に上回っており、その不均衡が拡大しつつある中で46、前述した一部の業種で見受けられる盲目的な投資・低水準の重複建設が今後も拡大し続ければ、短期的にはインフレ圧力が増大する一方で、中長期的には需要を上回る生産能力拡大による過剰供給能力の顕在化47・デフレ圧力の拡大、競争激化に伴う企業経営の悪化及び企業淘汰、それに伴う銀行の不良債権の拡大、失業問題の悪化等が中国経済の持続的発展に対して大きな制約要因となることが予想される48。例文帳に追加

On the other hand, as pointed out by the People’s Bank of China, under the country’s current economic growth pattern, investment is greatly outstripping consumption. As this imbalance expands,46 inflationary pressure will increase over the short term if the above-mentioned blind investment and substandard redundant construction in some industries continue to expand, while the medium- to long-term problems expected to become major restrictive factors to the sustainable growth of the Chinese economy are the emergence of excess supply capacity (through expansion of production capacity) that exceeds demand,47 the expansion of deflationary pressures, the worsening of corporate management and shakeout along with the intensification of competition, and the accompanying growth of non-performing bank loans and worsening unemployment.48 - 経済産業省

例文

加盟国は、世界経済の成長及び発展にとってサービスの貿易の重要性が増大していることを認め、透明性及び漸進的な自由化を確保しつつサービスの貿易を拡大することを目的として、また、すべての参加国の経済成長及び開発途上国の発展を促進する手段として、サービスの貿易に関する原則及び規則の多角的枠組みを設定することを希望し、すべての参加国の利益を互恵的な基礎の上に増進し、かつ、権利及び義務の全体的な均衡を確保することを目的として引き続き行われる多角的交渉のラウンドを通じ、国家の政策目的に十分な考慮を払いつつ、漸進的かつ早期に一層高い水準のサービスの貿易の自由化を達成することを希望し、国家の政策目的を実現するため自国の領域内におけるサービスの提供に関して規制を行い又は新たな規制を導入する権利を有すること及びサービスの規制に係る発展の程度に関して国の間に存在する不均衡にかんがみ開発途上国にはこの権利を行使する必要が特にあることを認め、特に開発途上国の国内のサービスに関する能力並びにその効率性及び競争力を強化することにより、開発途上国のサービスの貿易への参加の増大及びサービスの輸出の拡大を促進することを希望し、後発開発途上国の特別な経済的事情並びにこれらの国の開発上、貿易上及び資金上のニーズにかんがみ、後発開発途上国が重大な困難を有することに特に留意して、ここに、次のとおり協定する。例文帳に追加

Members, Recognizing the growing importance of trade in services for the growth and development of the world economy; Wishing to establish a multilateral framework of principles and rules for trade in services with a view to the expansion of such trade under conditions of transparency and progressive liberalization and as a means of promoting the economic growth of all trading partners and the development of developing countries; Desiring the early achievement of progressively higher levels of liberalization of trade in services through successive rounds of multilateral negotiations aimed at promoting the interests of all participants on a mutually advantageous basis and at securing an overall balance of rights and obligations, while giving due respect to national policy objectives; Recognizing the right of Members to regulate, and to introduce new regulations, on the supply of services within their territories in order to meet national policy objectives and, given asymmetries existing with respect to the degree of development of services regulations in different countries, the particular need of developing countries to exercise this right; Desiring to facilitate the increasing participation of developing countries in trade in services and the expansion of their service exports including, inter alia, through the strengthening of their domestic services capacity and its efficiency and competitiveness; Taking particular account of the serious difficulty of the least-developed countries in view of their special economic situation and their development, trade and financial needs; Hereby agree as follows: - 経済産業省