Metalとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɛtəl/
  • (米国発音) IPA^(key): [ˈmɛɾəɫ]
• 韻: -ɛtəl
• Homophone: mettle
• 異形同音異義語: medal, meddle (in accents with flapping)

名詞

metal (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 metals)

1. (heading) Chemical elements or alloys, and the mines where their ores come from.
   1. Any of a number of chemical elements in the periodic table that form a metallic bond with other metal atoms; generally shiny, somewhat malleable and hard, often a conductor of heat and electricity.
      • 2014 April 21, “Subtle effects”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8884:

        Manganism has been known about since the 19th century, when miners exposed to ores containing manganese, a silvery metal, began to totter, slur their speech and behave like someone inebriated.

   2. Any material with similar physical properties, such as an alloy.
      • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

        But then I had the flintlock by me for protection. ¶ There were giants in the days when that gun was made; for surely no modern mortal could have held that mass of metal steady to his shoulder. The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window […].

   3. (astronomy) An element which was not directly created after the Big Bang but instead formed through nuclear reactions; any element other than hydrogen and helium.
      • 2003, Michael A. Seeds, Astronomy: The Solar System and Beyond, Thomson Brooks/Cole, →ISBN:

        Most of the matter in stars is hydrogen and helium, and the metals (including carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, かつ so on) were cooked up inside stars.

      • 2008, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Geochemical Society, Oxygen in the solar system, Mineralogical Society of Amer →ISBN

        Thus, for the remaining elements, including oxygen, the solid phase appears to be important. In fact, at a metallicity of Z=0.02, and with a gas-to-dust ratio of 100, about half of the metals — including oxygen — are contained in the solid phase.

      • 2015, Alan Longstaff, Astrobiology: An Introduction, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 350:

        Metals include oxygen and carbon which means that water and organic molecules would have been abundant in the early universe, perhaps paving the way for the emergence of life within a couple of billion years of the Big Bang.

   4. Crushed rock, stones etc. used to make a road.
   5. (mining) The ore from which a metal is derived.^[1]
   6. (obsolete) A mine from which ores are taken.
      • 1660, Jeremy Taylor, Ductor Dubitantium, or the Rule of Conscience in All Her General Measures; […], volume (please specify |volume=I または II), London: […] James Flesher, for Richard Royston […], →OCLC:

        slaves […] and persons condemned to metals

2. (heraldry) A light tincture used in a coat of arms, specifically argent (white または silver) and or (gold).
3. Molten glass that is to be blown or moulded to form objects^[2].
4. (music) A category of rock music encompassing a number of genres (including thrash metal, death metal, heavy metal, etc.) characterized by strong drum-beats and distorted guitars.
6. (figurative, archaic) The substance that constitutes something or someone; matter; hence, character or temper.

   Synonym: mettle

   • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     Leonato. Well, neece, I hope to ſee you one day fitted with a husband. / Beatrice. Not till God make men of ſome other mettall then earth, would it not grieue a woman to be over-maſtred with a peece of valiant duſt?

7. The effective power or calibre of guns carried by a vessel of war.
8. (UK, in the plural) The rails of a railway.
9. (informal, travel, aviation) The actual airline operating a flight, rather than any of the codeshare operators.

   We have American Airlines tickets, but it's on British Airways metal.

反意語

• (any of a number of chemical elements in the periodic table that form a metallic bond with other metal atoms): nonmetal

派生語

形容詞

metal (comparative more metal, superlative most metal)

1. (music) Characterized by strong drum-beats and distorted guitars. [1970s and after]
2. Having the emotional or social characteristics associated with metal music; brash, bold, frank, unyielding, etc.
   • 2008, Lich King, “Attack of the Wrath of the War of the Death of the Strike of the Sword of the Blood of the Beast”, in Toxic Zombie Onslaught:

     The beast will destroy everything in his path
     With this song on the upcoming brawl
     It sure is a long one and tough to pronounce but
     It's the most metal title of all

   • 2012 August, “Tested Bowling Balls”, in Front‎^[1], number 171, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 40:

     Top tip: Bowling gloves are for sissies, although they look metal as fuck.

関連する語

• heavy metal

動詞

metal (三人称単数 現在形 metals, 現在分詞 metaling または metalling, 過去形および過去分詞形 metaled または metalled)

1. To make a road using crushed rock, stones etc.

参照