Michaelmas Termとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Michaelmas +‎ term; Michaelmas is from Michael (“the name of the biblical archangel”) + -mas (suffix indicating a holiday or sacred day), meaning the feast day of St Michael. Michael is derived from Late Latin Michahel, from Koine Greek Μιχαήλ (Mikhaḗl), from Biblical Hebrew מִיכָאֵל (mîḵāʾēl, “who is like God?”); while -mas is from mass, from 中期英語 masse, from 古期英語 mæsse (“mass (celebration of the Eucharist)”), from Vulgar Latin *messa (“Eucharist; dismissal”), from Late Latin missa, a noun use of the feminine past participle of Latin mittere, the present active infinitive of mittō (“to dispatch, send; to discharge, release; to dismiss”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to exchange”). The Christian feast day of Michaelmas, 29 September, occurs a few days before the start of this term.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈmɪk(ə)lməs ˌtɜːm/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈmɪk(ə)lməs ˌtɝm/
• ハイフネーション: Mi‧chael‧mas term

名詞

Michaelmas term (plural Michaelmas terms)

1. (law) The first term of the legal year, running from October to December, during which the upper courts of England and Wales, and Ireland, sit to hear cases.
   • 1772, Henry Barnes, “Stratford against Marshall”, in Notes of Cases in Points of Practice Taken in the Courts of Common Pleas at Westminster; from Michaelmas Term 1732, to Hilary Term 1756 inclusive. […], 2nd edition, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan and M. Woodfall, […]; for William Owen, […], →OCLC, pages 440–441:

     A Rule was made for the Plaintiff to ſhew Cauſe why the Trial ſhould not be reſpited till Michaelmas Term next upon Affidavits that a material Witneſs for Defendant was gone to Sea, and was not expected home till Auguſt next. […] Per Cur[iam]: Let the Rule be abſolute, it being ſworn that the Witneſs is not expected to return till Auguſt next. The Trial muſt be put off till Michaelmas Term, without farther motion.

   • 1839, Charles [Favell Forth] Wordsworth, “Cases Determined upon the New Rules and Statutes since the Publication of the Last Edition”, in Supplement to the Rules of Court, from Michaelmas Term, 1830, to the Present Time, including those on Pleading; […], London: A. Maxwell, […], →OCLC, page ccccv:

     In Robinson v. Taylor, 5 Dowl. 518, which was a country cause, and issue had been joined in Easter vacation; no notice of trial for the summer assizes; it was held that it was not too early to move in the following Michaelmas term.

   • 1845, R. Levinge Swift, “Appendix. Lord Lyndhurst’s Orders of 3rd April, 1828, (Amended by Lord Brougham’s Orders, 23rd November, 1831.)”, in The Orders of the High Court of Chancery, from Hilary Term 1828 to Trinity Term 1845, as at Present Applicable to the Practice: […], London: Owen Richards, […], →OCLC, pages 8–9:

     [Order] XIX. That whenever the time allowed for any of the following purposes, that is to say, for amending any bill, for filing, delivering, and referring exceptions to any answer, or for obtaining a Master's report upon any exceptions, would expire in the interval between the last seal after Trinity term and the first seal before Michaelmas term, or between the last seal after Michaelmas term and the first seal before Hilary term, such time shall extend to and include the day of the general seal then next ensuing.

   Coordinate terms: Hilary term, Easter term, Trinity term

2. (education) The first academic term of the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin, and other educational institutions, running from October to December; the term was modelled after the legal term, but does not begin and end on the same dates.
   • 1813, “University Terms, and How Many are Required to be Kept for each Degree”, in The Oxford University Calendar, for the Year 1813, Oxford: […] Munday and Slatter, for J. Parker; and F[rancis] C[harles] and J[ames] Rivington, […], →OCLC, page 65:

     There are four terms in the year, viz. 1. Michaelmas term, which begins on the 10th of October, and ends on the 17th of December.

   • 1838, James Thomas O’Brien, “Note F.—Page 5.”, in An Introductory Lecture Delivered in the Divinity School in Trinity College, Dublin, on the First Lecture Day of Michaelmas term, 1837, Dublin: Milliken and Son, […]; London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 71:

     Archbishop King's Lecturer lectures, for the two first Terms, upon the Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion, with a special reference to the objections against them, and in the third Term, upon the Socinian Controversy. The course of his Assistants is— / Michaelmas Term.—The Gospel of St. Luke, in Greek, as the basis of a harmony. […]

   Coordinate terms: Hilary term, Trinity term (Oxford, Dublin)

   Coordinate terms: Lent term, Easter term (Cambridge)

使用する際の注意点

• In England and Wales, the system of terms applies to the High Court of Justice, the Court of Appeal, and the Supreme Court; in Ireland it applies to the High Court and the Supreme Court.
• At present in England and Wales, Michaelmas term begins on 1 October and ends on 21 December. If these dates fall on a Saturday or Sunday, the term begins on the Monday following 1 October, and ends on the Friday immediately preceding 21 December. In Ireland it begins on the first Monday in October and ends on 21 December.

参照

Further reading

• Michaelmas term on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “Term Date Calculator”, in New Square Chambers‎, 2016, archived from the original on 14 August 2007.