iniuriaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From iniūrius +‎ -ia, from in- + iūs, iūris.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ɪnˈjuː.ri.a]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [inˈjuː.ri.a]

名詞

iniūria f (genitive iniūriae); first declension

1. injury, wronging, offense, insult, wrong

   Synonyms: dēlīctum, peccātum, scelus, vitium, noxa, crīmen, culpa, facinus, malum, dēlinquentia, error, maleficium

   Antonyms: bonum, rēctum, virtūs

   • 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 155–156:

     SĪMŌ: Sī propter amōrem uxōrem nōlet dūcere, / ea prīmum ab illō animum advortenda injūriast.

     SIMO: If [my son] refuses to marry because of love, that is the first wrong of his which [I could have him] reconsider.
     (Elision: iniuriast = iniuria + est. Idiom: “uxorem ducere,” literally “to lead a wife”, i.e., to marry. Another idiom: “animum advortenda” means, more literally, “attention must be turned away from”. In this context, Simo is implying that he will rebuke his son for acting this way.)

2. injustice, wrongdoing

   Synonym: iniūstitia

   Antonym: iūstitia

3. damage, harm, hurt, injury

   Synonyms: damnum, dētrīmentum, incommoditās, calamitās, pauperiēs, maleficium, vulnus, noxa, fraus

   Antonyms: beneficium, favor

   • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 47.20:

     Nec hoc ignōrant, sed occāsiōnem nocendī captant querendō; accēpērunt iniūriam ut facerent.

     They aren’t unaware of this [tendency], but they seize the opportunity to do harm by complaining; they [let it be known that they] received an injury in order to inflict one.
     (In other words, an arrogant slave-master, angered by some offense to his pride, retaliates by torturing his slave. Seneca here plays off two meanings of iniuria: a mere “insult” becomes the excuse to inflict a physical “injury.”)

4. slander

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生語

• iniūrior

派生した語

参照

• “iniuria”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “iniuria”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be a victim of the malice of Fortune: ad iniurias fortunae expositum esse
    
  • to avenge an insult: iniurias persequi (Verr. 2. 3. 9)
    
  • to wrong a person: iniuriam inferre, facere alicui
    
  • to wrong a person: iniuria afficere aliquem
    
  • to provoke a person by a gratuitous insult: iniuria lacessere aliquem
    
  • to refrain from doing a wrong, an injustice: iniuria abstinere (Off. 3. 17. 72)
    
  • to be the victim of an injustice: iniuriam accipere
    
  • to suffer wrong: iniuriam ferre, pati
    
  • to repel an injury: iniurias defendere, repellere, propulsare
    
  • to leave a wrong unpunished, to ignore it: iniurias neglegere
    
  • to protect any one from wrong: ab iniuria aliquem defendere
    
  • to give some one satisfaction for an injury: satisfacere alicui pro (de) iniuriis
    
  • to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour: summo iure agere cum aliquo (cf. summum ius, summa iniuria)
    
  • and rightly too: neque immerito (iniuria)
    
  • and rightly too: neque id immerito (iniuria)
    
• “iniuria”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers