英和和英

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /fjuːm/
• 韻: -uːm

名詞

fume (plural fumes)

1. A gas or vapour/vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale.

   Synonym: effluvium

   Don't stand around in there breathing the fumes while the adhesive cures.

   • 1753, Thomas Warton, Ode:

     the fumes of new-shorn hay

2. A material that has been vaporized from the solid or liquid state to the gas state and re-coalesced to the solid state.

   Lead fume is a greyish powder, mainly comprising lead sulfate.

3. Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control.
   • 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:

     The Fumes of his Passion do as really intoxicate and confound his judging and discerning Faculty , as the Fumes of Drink discompose and stupify the Brain of a Man over - charged with it.

   • 1855 December – 1857 June, Charles Dickens, Little Dorrit, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1857, →OCLC:

     In his execution of this mission, Mr Tinkler perhaps expressed that Mr Dorrit was in a raging fume.

4. Anything unsubstantial or airy; idle conceit; vain imagination.
   • a. 1627 (date written), Francis [Bacon], “Considerations Touching a Warre with Spaine. […]”, in William Rawley, editor, Certaine Miscellany Works of the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount S. Alban. […], London: […] I. Hauiland for Humphrey Robinson, […], published 1629, →OCLC:

     a show of fumes and fancies

5. The incense of praise; inordinate flattery.
   • 1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:

     to smother him with fumes and eulogies

6. (obsolete) A passionate person.

使用する際の注意点

• In the sense of strong-smelling or dangerous vapor, the noun is typically plural, as in the example.

派生語

動詞

fume (third-person singular simple present fumes, present participle fuming, simple past and past participle fumed)

1. (transitive) To expose (something) to fumes; specifically, to expose wood, etc., to ammonia in order to produce dark tints.
2. (transitive) To apply or offer incense to.
   • 1740, John Dyer, “The Ruins of Rome. A Poem.”, in Poems. [...] Viz. I. Grongar Hill. II. The Ruins of Rome. III. The Fleece, in Four Books, London: Printed by John Hughs, for Messrs. R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley, […], published 1759, →OCLC, pages 42–43:

     Tyrian garbs, / Neptunian Albion's high teſtaceous food [i.e., oysters], / And flavour'd Chian wines with incenſe fum'd / To ſlake Patrician thirſt: for theſe, their rights / In the vile ſtreets they proſtitute to ſale; / Their ancient rights, their dignities, their laws, / Their native glorious freedom.

3. (intransitive) To emit fumes.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     where the golden altar fumed

   • a. 1686, Earl of Roscommon [i.e., Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon]; Samuel Johnson, “Virgil’s Sixth Eclogue, Silenus”, in The Works of the English Poets. With Prefaces, Biographical and Critical, […], volumes X (The Poems of Rochester, Roscommon, and Yalden), London: […] E. Cox; for C. Bathurst, […], published 1779, page 234, →OCLC:

     Young Chromis and Mnaſylus chanc'd to ſtray / Where (ſleeping in a cave) Silenus lay, / Whoſe conſtant cups fly fuming to his brain, / And always boil in each extended vein; / His truſty flaggon, full of potent juice, / Was hanging by, worn thin with age and uſe; [...]

4. (intransitive) To pass off in fumes or vapours.
   • 1704, I[saac] N[ewton], “(please specify |book=1 to 3)”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light. […], London: […] Sam[uel] Smith, and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC:

     whose parts are kept from fuming away, not only by their fixity […]

5. (intransitive or reporting verb, figuratively) To express or feel great anger.

   He’s still fuming about the argument they had yesterday.

   • 1700, [John] Dryden, “Palamon and Arcite: Or, The Knight’s Tale. In Three Books.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.

   • 1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “(please specify the introduction or canto number, or chapter name)”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC:

     Her mother did fret, and her father did fume.

   • 1995 March 3, The Oregonian, page 21:

     His strong stand has made him a lightning rod for criticism by rail proponents, including some of his own friends. Herb Bridge […] is among Freeman's critics on the rail issue. " […] I think he has an elitist attitude and doesn't want poor people in his mall," fumed Bridge, who operates a store in Freeman's mall.

   • 2019, Abby Chava Stein, Becoming Eve, Seal Press, page 73:

     "Whoever is doing this is not just showing immense disrespect to me as a teacher, but also to the whole Torah and to this whole class and school!" he fumed. "And to God!"

6. (intransitive, figuratively) To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied.
   • c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     Keep his brain fuming.

派生語

• fuming sulfuric acid

別の表記

• fwme, feum, fewme

発音

• IPA: /fiu̯m/

名詞

fume (plural fumes)

1. Visible gaseous emanations; fumes or smoke.
2. Any sort of vapour or gaseous emanation.
3. (physiology) Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings.
4. (rare) An airborne scent or odour.

関連する語

派生した語

• English: fume
• Scots: fume

参照

• “fūme, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 3 September 2018.

語源 2

From Old French fumer.

動詞

fume

1. alternative form of fumen