英和和英

語源

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

発音

動詞

make shift (third-person singular simple present makes shift, present participle making shift, simple past and past participle made shift)

1. (dated, transitive) To contrive; to invent a way of surmounting a difficulty.
   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

     Nerissa: How like you the young German, the Duke of Saxony's nephew?
     Portia: Very vilely in the morning, when he is sober, and most vilely in the afternoon, when he is drunk: when he is best, he is a little worse than a man, and when he is worst, he is little better than a beast. And the worst fall that ever fell, I hope I shall make shift to go without him.

   • 1773, Oliver Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer:

     Ecod, I thank your worship, I'll make a shift to stay my stomach with a slice of cold beef in the pantry.

   • 1854, Henry David Thoreau, chapter 1, in Walden:

     The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a noble race of men.

   • 1870–1871 (date written), Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter XXXII, in Roughing It, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company [et al.], published 1872, →OCLC, page 232:

     We could find no matches, and so we tried to make shift with the pistols.

   • 1905, Robert Louis Stevenson, The Art of Writing:

     I was unable to handle a brig (which the Hispaniola should have been), but I thought I could make shift to sail her as a schooner without public shame.

   • 1922, John Buchan, Huntingtower, chapter 14:

     The military historian must often make shift to write of battles with slender data, but he can pad out his deficiencies by learned parallels.

使用する際の注意点

• Often followed by various prepositions, including with and without [an item], by [doing something], and for [the replaced item or action]. The older construction followed by an infinitive verb is now obsolete or historic.

同意語

• make do, get along, get by

派生語

• makeshift

形容詞

make shift (comparative more make shift, superlative most make shift)

1. Alternative form of makeshift.
   • 2010, William Campbell, More Short Stories by Boothill Will, page 182:

     Bill saw the road as an advantage for him, but he still didn't like the fact that he was seeing more and more make shift camps preparing to build permanent homes for the settling, unwanted new comers.

名詞

make shift (plural make shifts)

1. Alternative form of makeshift.
   • 1818 March 3, "Philo Britannicus", "Sketches from Real Life", The White Dwarf, Number 17, page 270:

     In a room not more than twelve feet square, were four miserable beds: the make shift, as mine host of the tape shop called it, was a singular contrivance; it was a long deal table, with a broomstick tied to each corner, rising about a foot from the surface of the table, with a cord communicating from the point of each, to form a kind of barrier for the bed, which was placed within them.

語源 1

Deverbal from make shift. First appears c. 1554, in the publications of H. Hilarie.

発音

• IPA: /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/

名詞

makeshift (plural makeshifts)

1. A temporary (usually insubstantial) substitution.
   • 1871, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter XVII, in Middlemarch […], volume I, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book II, page 316:

     And I am not a model clergyman—only a decent makeshift.

   • 1923, Benjamin C. Marsh, “For the Community to Do”, in The World tomorrow, volume 6:

     Hoboism cannot be cured or prevented by makeshifts or by local measures and efforts, although community interest naturally is vital in dealing with a problem that comes home to every community.

形容詞

makeshift (comparative more makeshift, superlative most makeshift)

1. Made to work or suffice; improvised; substituted.

   Synonym: jury-rigged

   They used the ledge and a few branches for a makeshift shelter.

   • 2012 May 26, Phil McNulty, “Norway 0-1 England”, in BBC Sport‎, archived from the original on 25 June 2021:

     Hodgson was able to introduce Arsenal teenager Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain for his debut late on as this makeshift England line-up closed out a victory that was solid for the most part without ever threatening to be spectacular.

   • 2026 March 2, Haley Britzky, “No warning, no siren: Six US service members killed in Iranian strike that hit makeshift operations center in Kuwait”, in CNN‎, archived from the original on 6 March 2026:

     The first US service members to die in the conflict between the US and Iran were killed by a direct Iranian strike on a makeshift operations center at a civilian port in Kuwait on Sunday morning local time, a source familiar with the situation told CNN.

派生語

語源 2

1560s. From make +‎ shift.

名詞

makeshift (plural makeshifts)

1. (obsolete) A rogue; a shifty person.
   • 1592, Gabriel Harvey, “The First Letter”, in Four Letters and Certain Sonnets‎, new edition, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, published 1814, A Due Commendation of the Quipping Author, page 2:

     Greene the coneycatcher, of this dream the author, / For his dainty devise deserveth the halter. / A rakehell, a makeshift, a scribbling fool; / A famous bayard in city and school: / Now sick as a dog, and ever brain-sick, / Where such a raving and desperate Dick?

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:villain

参考

• make shift

参照

• Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “makeshift”, in Online Etymology Dictionary, retrieved 19 June 2018.